Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics by survival or liver transplant status.
| Alive without transplant (N=69) | Transplanted (N=41) | Deceased without transplant (N=29) | Total (N=139) | P value | |
| Gender | 0.86* | ||||
| Women | 17 (24.6%) | 12 (29.3%) | 7 (24.1%) | 36 (25.9%) | |
| Men | 51 (73.9%) | 29 (70.7%) | 22 (75.9%) | 102 (73.4%) | |
| Transgender | 1 (1.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.7%) | |
| Race | 0.01† | ||||
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 1 (1.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.7%) | |
| Black or African American | 16 (23.2%) | 3 (7.3%) | 1 (3.4%) | 20 (14.4%) | |
| Native American or American Indian | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.7%) | |
| Other | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (4.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (1.4%) | |
| White | 52 (75.4%) | 35 (85.4%) | 28 (96.6%) | 115 (82.7%) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 0.46 | ||||
| No | 64 (92.8%) | 36 (87.8%) | 28 (96.6%) | 128 (92.1%) | |
| Yes | 5 (7.2%) | 5 (12.2%) | 1 (3.4%) | 11 (7.9%) | |
| Age at diagnosis | 0.96 | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 63.8 (9.1) | 64.1 (6.8) | 64.3 (8.0) | 64.0 (8.2) | |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 64.8 (59.1, 69.2) | 64.2 (60.2, 69.3) | 64.3 (58.2, 68.2) | 64.4 (59.0, 69.2) | |
| Range | 33.6–80.8 | 51.0–81.1 | 50.2–79.3 | 33.6–81.1 | |
| BMI at the time of HCC diagnosis | 0.09 | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 28.9 (6.2) | 30.1 (5.5) | 32.2 (7.6) | 29.9 (6.4) | |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 29.0 (25.1, 31.9) | 28.6 (25.9, 34.5) | 32.2 (25.6, 36.5) | 29.3 (25.3, 33.8) | |
| Range | 16.8–48.5 | 22.2–43.2 | 21.2–49.2 | 16.8–49.2 | |
| N-Miss | 4 | 4 | 3 | 11 | |
| CCI | 0.22 | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 7.9 (2.3) | 7.3 (1.4) | 8.4 (2.1) | 7.8 (2.1) | |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 7.0 (7.0, 9.0) | 7.0 (7.0, 8.0) | 8.0 (7.0, 10.0) | 7.0 (7.0, 8.0) | |
| Range | 5.0–18.0 | 3.0–11.0 | 6.0–15.0 | 3.0–18.0 | |
| MELD-Na Score at diagnosis | 0.23 | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 10.2 (4.2) | 10.5 (4.2) | 11.5 (5.6) | 10.5 (4.5) | |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 9.3 (7.7, 10.6) | 9.0 (7.7, 10.4) | 10.0 (8.4, 11.2) | 9.4 (7.8, 10.9) | |
| Range | 6.4–29.0 | 6.4–23.0 | 6.9–33.0 | 6.4–33.0 | |
| N-Miss | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 | |
| Child’s Pugh Score | 0.12 | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 6.0 (1.4) | 6.6 (1.9) | 6.6 (1.5) | 6.3 (1.6) | |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 5.0 (5.0, 7.0) | 6.0 (5.0, 8.0) | 6.0 (5.0, 8.0) | 6.0 (5.0, 7.0) | |
| Range | 5.0–12.0 | 5.0–11.0 | 5.0–10.0 | 5.0–12.0 | |
| N-Miss | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |
| Child Pugh Category | 0.32‡ | ||||
| Child A | 46 (66.7%) | 24 (58.5%) | 16 (55.2%) | 86 (61.9%) | |
| Child B | 20 (29.0%) | 12 (29.3%) | 10 (34.5%) | 42 (30.2%) | |
| Child C | 1 (1.4%) | 4 (9.8%) | 1 (3.4%) | 6 (4.3%) | |
| Unknown/not enough information | 2 (2.9%) | 1 (2.4%) | 2 (6.9%) | 5 (3.6%) | |
| Liver disease aetiology | 0.16§ | ||||
| Alagille | 1 (1.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.8%) | |
| ALD | 10 (16.4%) | 6 (15.4%) | 4 (14.8%) | 20 (15.7%) | |
| Hepatitis C | 34 (55.7%) | 12 (30.8%) | 13 (48.1%) | 59 (46.5%) | |
| MASLD | 15 (24.6%) | 18 (46.2%) | 10 (37.0%) | 43 (33.9%) | |
| Unknown | 1 (1.6%) | 3 (7.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (3.1%) | |
| N-Miss | 8 | 2 | 2 | 12 | |
| AFP diagnosis (ng/mL) | 0.04* | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 3379.2 (21382.4) | 320.7 (1590.2) | 3069.6 (7130.2) | 2405.4 (15381.5) | |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 10.6 (4.0, 93.3) | 5.4 (3.3, 19.7) | 13.7 (5.2, 333.6) | 9.4 (4.0, 65.2) | |
| Range | 0.9–176 144.8 | 1.6–10 120.0 | 1.6–29 513.0 | 0.9–176 144.8 | |
| N-Miss | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| AFP category | 0.13 | ||||
| <500 | 55 (80.9%) | 38 (92.7%) | 22 (75.9%) | 115 (83.3%) | |
| ≥500 | 13 (19.1%) | 3 (7.3%) | 7 (24.1%) | 23 (16.7%) | |
| N-Miss | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Milan criteria | 0.004 | ||||
| No | 30 (43.5%) | 7 (17.1%) | 15 (51.7%) | 52 (37.4%) | |
| Yes | 39 (56.5%) | 34 (82.9%) | 14 (48.3%) | 87 (62.6%) | |
| Number of tumours | 0.12 | ||||
| 1 | 43 (63.2%) | 29 (70.7%) | 20 (74.1%) | 92 (67.6%) | |
| 2 | 11 (16.2%) | 10 (24.4%) | 5 (18.5%) | 26 (19.1%) | |
| 3 | 13 (19.1%) | 2 (4.9%) | 1 (3.7%) | 16 (11.8%) | |
| More than 3 | 1 (1.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (3.7%) | 2 (1.5%) | |
| N-Miss | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | |
| Size of largest tumour | 0.10 | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 4.6 (3.5) | 4.4 (4.9) | 4.6 (3.2) | 4.5 (3.9) | |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 3.6 (2.3, 5.8) | 2.5 (2.0, 4.5) | 3.7 (2.8, 5.5) | 3.2 (2.2, 5.3) | |
| Range | 1.2–18.0 | 1.0–25.0 | 1.1–16.9 | 1.0–25.0 | |
| N-Miss | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | |
| BCLC stage | 0.35¶ | ||||
| 0 | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.7%) | |
| A | 24 (34.8%) | 14 (34.1%) | 7 (25.0%) | 45 (32.6%) | |
| B | 29 (42.0%) | 19 (46.3%) | 12 (42.9%) | 60 (43.5%) | |
| C | 14 (20.3%) | 3 (7.3%) | 7 (25.0%) | 24 (17.4%) | |
| D | 2 (2.9%) | 4 (9.8%) | 2 (7.1%) | 8 (5.8%) | |
| N-Miss | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
*p-value<0.05
*
Male versus female.
†
Black versus white.
‡
A versus B versus C.
§
Hepatitis C versus MASLD versus ALD.
¶
0/A/B vs. C/D
AFPalpha-fetoproteinALDalcohol-related liver diseaseBCLCBarcelona Clinic Liver CancerBMIbody mass index CCICharlson Comorbidity Index HCChepatocellular carcinomMASLDmetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver diseaseMELD-Namodel for end-stage liver disease sodium