Table 3.

Postoperative shoulder range of motion

Variable	Group	Preoperative	6 months postoperative	12 months postoperative	Effect	F	p value	partial η2
Forward elevation	CE	145.52 ± 27.59	137.93 ± 16.56	151.55 ± 12.76	G	0.95	0.392	0.023
	RE	146.48 ± 23.85	133.89 ± 20.21	144.26 ± 10.63	T	15.31	0.000***	0.159
	C	150.36 ± 19.90	129.64 ± 21.69	139.64 ± 20.99	G×T	1.92	0.124	0.045
External rotation	CE	52.93 ± 16.18	39.14 ± 15.53	49.31 ± 15.10	G	1.86	0.162	0.283
	RE	56.48 ± 17.42	39.63 ± 15.50	48.33 ± 13.45	T	28.97	0.000***	0.263
	C	50.00 ± 19.27	35.71 ± 17.68	40.54 ± 15.53	G×T	0.573	0.669	0.014
Internal rotation	CE	7.59 ± 4.18	6.86 ± 2.99	8.59 ± 2.73	G	0.902	0.410	0.022
	RE	7.33 ± 3.60	6.67 ± 2.76	7.11 ± 2.90	T	6.53	0.002**	0.075
	C	7.79 ± 3.20	5.57 ± 3.49	7.07 ± 3.20	G×T	1.50	0.205	0.036
Abduction	CE	142.21 ± 30.96	135.17 ± 21.48	148.97 ± 13.45	G	0.977	0.381	0.024
	RE	137.96 ± 30.20	128.52 ± 22.31	146.85 ± 11.19	T	12.43	0.000***	0.133
	C	140.36 ± 23.96	128.21 ± 24.35	140.00 ± 20.18	G×T	0.51	0.704	0.012

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation

CE: corrective exercise; RE: rotator cuff exercise; C: Control; G: group; T: time

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001