Table 2. Dietary intake and biochemical parameters of the study population, according to bone mineral density.
| Variable | Normal BMD | Osteopenia BMD | Osteoporosis BMD | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 24 | n = 38 | n = 21 | ||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| Energy (kcal) | 1421.1 ± 336.3 | 1528.7 ± 439.5 | 1646.0 ± 436.4 | 0.195 |
| Carbohydrate (%) | 59.5 ± 5.1 | 55.2 ± 6.6* | 52.8 ± 5.5 | 0.004 |
| Protein (%) | 16.2 ± 2.3 | 17.0 ± 3.3 | 15.2 ± 2.8 | 0.527 |
| Fat (%) | 24.2 ± 5.5† | 29.1 ± 5.1*† | 26.6 ± 5.1‡ | 0.006 |
| w-3 (g/day) | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 0.463 |
| w-6 (g/day) | 6.3 ± 3.3 | 7.1 ± 2.5 | 7.2 ± 2.4 | 0.450 |
| w-6/w-3 (g/day) | 6.3 ± 1.4 | 7.2 ± 1.5* | 6.7 ± 1.2 | 0.045 |
| Calcium (mg/day) | 597.3 ± 281.7 | 655.3 ± 254.0 | 696.2 ± 217.1 | 0.492 |
| Vitamin D (IU/day) | 60.7 ± 56.9 | 66.6 ± 62.3 | 88.1 ± 89.6 | 0.148 |
*P < 0.05 versus osteoporosis BMD; †P < 0.05 versus osteopenia; ‡P < 0.05 versus normal BMD; ω -3: omega-3; ω -6: omega-6. Protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium and phosphorus were adjusted for energy. ANCOVA (analysis of covariance): adjustments for age, disease duration and cumulative prednisone. SD = standard deviation.