Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with overall survival.

Variables	N (deaths)	Median (95% CI)	P	Univariate HR (IC 95%)	P	Multivariate HR (95%CI)	P
Overall survival	146 (100)	12.6 (7.8-17.4)
Age (years)
<60	70 (42)	19.1 (13.8-24.5)	0.066	1.4 (0.9-2.1)	0.067
≧60	76 (58)	10.0 (4.7-15.2)
Sex
Female	69 (41)	20.7 (10.3-31.2)	0.074	1.4 (0.9-2.1)	0.076
Male	77 (59)	10.1 (3.07-17.1)
ECOG
0-1	116 (77)	16.7 (9.3-24.1)	0.013	1.7(1.1-2.8)	0.015	1.7 (1.2-2.5)	0.004
>1	30 (23)	6.7 (5.6-7.9)
Tobacco exposure
Absent	65 (43)	12.6 (2.1-23.0)	0.738	1.07 (0.7-1.5)	0.739
Present	81 (57)	12.2 (6.4-18.0)
Wood-smoke exposure
Absent	92 (66)	11.4 (6.5-16.4)	0.832	0.9 (0.6-1.4)	0.832
Present	53 (34)	15.9 (8.-23.7
Asbestos exposure
Absent	133 (89)	14.2 (1.9-74.3)	0.454	1.5 (0.8-2.9)	0.160
Present	13 (11)	55.6 (8.1 -103)
EFGR status
EGFR-wild type	50 (24)	38.1 (1.9 -74.3)	0.000	1.8 (1.4-2.3)	0.000
EGFR-mutated	22 (11)	55.6 (8.1-103.1)
Unknown	74 (65)	6.2 (4.4-8.0)
Adenocarcinoma histology
Negative	18 (11)	21.5 (9.9-33.0)	0.232	0.6 (0.3-1.2)	0.235
Positive	128 (89)	11.9 (6.8 - 17)
Albumin g/dl
< 3.5	69 (53)	6.9 (2.06-11.8)	0.000	2.0 (1.4-3.0)	0.001
3.5+	75 (46)	21.5 (9.3-33.7)
Unknown	2 (1)	1.7 (NR)
Group
Early palliative care	73 (46)	18.1 (7.9-28.4)	0.029	1.6 (1.04-2.3)	0.030	1.5 (1.03-2.3)	0.034
Standard of care	73 (54)	10.5 (4.7-16.2)
Depression at baseline
Absent	69 (48)	20.7 (14.5-27.0)	0.000	1.0 (0.8-1.3)	0.939
Present	54 (47)	6.0 (4.5-7.6)
Unknown	23 (5)	NR
Anxiety at baseline
Absent	61 (45)	15.1 (5.6-24.6)	0.003	0.8 (0.7-1.2)	0.329
Present	62 (50)	6.7 (4.7-8.7)
Unknown	23 (5)	NR
QoL at baseline
> 70	38 (23)	27.0 (9.0-45.0)	0.000	2.6 (1.7-4.1)	0.000
≦ 70	99 (68)	11.1 (6.5-15.8)
Unknown	9 (9)	3.4 (1.5-1.8)

Abbreviations: ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; QoL, quality of life.