Table 1.

Distribution of low HV by baseline characteristics

Characteristics	Total, n (%) (N = 42,152)	Low HV, % (n)
Sex
Female	22,372 (53.07)	12.19 (2,728)
Male	19,780 (46.93)	28.83 (5,703)
p value		1E−307
Age at initial assessment
<65 years	37,722 (89.49)	17.29 (6,522)
≥65 years	4,430 (10.51)	43.09 (1,909)
p value		1E−307
Ethnic background
White European	40,770 (96.72)	20.27 (8,266)
Asian	566 (1.34)	9.72 (55)
Black African	283 (0.67)	9.19 (26)
Other/mixed/unknown	533 (1.26)	15.76 (84)
p value		1.34E−10
Educational status
None	2,672 (6.34)	24.48 (654)
NVQ/CSE/A-levels	13,005 (30.85)	18.77 (2,441)
Degree/professional	26,339 (62.49)	20.12 (5,300)
Missing	136 (0.32)	26.47 (36)
p value		3.63E−33
Townsend deprivation index
Q1	10,033 (23.80)	21.02 (2,109)
Q2	9,626 (22.84)	20.48 (1,971)
Q3	8,735 (20.72)	19.86 (1,735)
Q4	7,879 (18.69)	18.72 (1,475)
Q5	5,840 (13.87)	19.49 (1,138)
Missing	39 (0.09)	7.69 (3)
p value		1.14E−05
Alcohol intake frequency
Daily or almost daily	9,522 (22.60)	25.16 (2,396)
Three or four times a week	11,809 (28.03)	20.87 (2,465)
Once or twice a week	10,809 (25.65)	17.68 (1,911)
One to three times a month	4,597 (10.91)	16.10 (740)
Special occasions only	3,447 (8.18)	16.13 (556)
Never	1,949 (4.63)	18.42 (359)
Missing	19 (0.05)	21.05 (4)
p value		1.58E−07
Smoking status
Never	25,580 (60.69)	17.94 (4,590)
Previous	13,869 (32.90)	23.40 (3,246)
Current	2,610 (6.19)	21.95 (573)
Missing	93 (0.22)	23.66 (22)
p value		1.59E−28
Hypertension
No	34,327 (81.45)	18.56 (6,370)
Yes	7,818 (18.55)	26.35 (2,060)
Missing	7 (0.02)	14.29 (1)
p value		1.49E−04

p values are from likelihood ratio test using logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, and assessment centre.