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. 2024 Jul 25;44(3):369–382. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1788674

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The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 2 Mechanisms of immunoprotection provided by the liver to other organ allografts. — The protective mechanisms comprise cellular as well as humoral components. Combined liver transplantation leads to distinct changes in the circulation of the recipient with preponderance of immune cell populations with immunoregulatory properties. On the other hand, the liver allograft itself induces the release of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and immunoregulatory HLA-G. Created with BioRender.com. IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; HLA-G, human leukocyte antigen G; IL-10, interleukin-10.