TABLE 2.
Effects of probiotic CFS against cancer.
| Year | Probiotic strain | Cancer type | Study subject (cell lines/test animals) | Outcome | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | Bifidobacterium adolescentis SPM0212 | Colon cancer | HT29, SW480 and Caco-2 | Inhibition of enzymes like tryptophanase, potentiate TNF-α production | Kim et al. (2008) |
| 2010 | Bacillus polyfermenticus | Breast cancer | HT-29, Caco-2, and DLD-1 | Downregulation of transcription factor E2F-1, Suppression of ErbB2 and ErbB3 genes | (Ma et al., 2010) |
| 2012 | Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG | Colorectal cancer | HCT-116 | Decreases metastasis in colon cancer cells | Escamilla et al. (2012) |
| 2014 | Lactobacillus delbrueckii | Colon cancer | SW620 | Downregulation of MMP-9, Inhibition of proliferation through apoptosis | Wan et al. (2014) |
| 2015 | Bacillus polyfermenticus KU3 | Multi cancer approach | HeLa, LoVo, HT-29, AGS, MCF-7 | Decrease in production of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide | (Lee et al., 2015) |
| Lactobacillus fermentum NCIMB5221 | Colorectal Cancer | SW-480, Caco-2 and CRL-1831 | Induction of apoptosis in CRC cells | Meenakshi (2015) | |
| Enterococcus lactis IW5 | Multi cancer approach | HeLa, MCF-7, AGS, HT-29, Caco-2 | Inhibition of tumor growth and downregulation of ErbB2 and ErbB3 genes | Nami et al. (2015) | |
| 2016 | Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 | Colon Cancer | Murine CT26 and human HT29 | Upregulation of TRAIL gene and downregulation of Survivin | Tiptiri-Kourpeti et al. (2016) |
| Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB 701359 | Colon cancer | SW480, Caco-2 | Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation | Kahouli and Handiri (2016) | |
| Lactobacillus pentosus B281, L. plantarum B282 | Colorectal cancer | Caco-2 and HT-29 | Downregulation of cyclin genes and cell cycle arrest in G1-phase | Saxami et al. (2016) | |
| 2017 | Bacillus coagulans | Colon cancer | COLO 205 | Upregulation of BAX gene, downregulation of Bcl2 gene, increased production of Cytochrome c, and induction of apoptosis | Madempudi and Kalle (2017) |
| 2018 | Lactobacillus casei (SR1,SR2), Lactobacillus paracasei (SR4) | Cervix cancer | HeLa | Upregulation of BAX, BAD, Casp3, Casp9 Downregulation of the Bcl-2 gene |
Riaz Rajoka et al. (2018) |
| 2019 | Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii | Colon cancer | HT-29 | Upregulation of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 gene expression, upregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 gene | Baghbani-Arani et al. (2020) |
| 2020 | Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC 6074 | Colon cancer | HT-29, 32 BALB mice | Upregulation of the Bax gene, the release of Cyt c by activating mitochondrial pathway | Guo et al. (2020) |
| Lactobacillus salivarius | Colorectal cancer | HT-29 | Downregulation of cyclin D1, cyclooxygenase-2, and protein kinase B | Dong et al. (2020) | |
| Lactobacillus fermentum | Colon cancer | DLD-1, HT-29, WiDr | Induces apoptosis, inhibits NF- κB activation | (Lee et al., 2020) | |
| Lactobacillus plantarum L-14 | Skin cancer | A375 | Downregulation of the Bcl-2 gene, cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP, induction of apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway | Park et al. (2020) | |
| Lactobacillus reuteri | Colon cancer | HT29-ShE | Downregulation of MMP-9 and COX-2. Upregulation of | Maghsood et al. (2020) | |
| Lactobacillus plantarum YYC-3 | Colon cancer | Caco-2 and HT-29 | Downregulation of MMP2, MMP9, and suppression of the VEGF pathway | Yue et al. (2020) | |
| 2021 | Pediococcus acidilactici | Colon cancer | Caco-2 and HT-29 | Downregulation of TNF- α, and upregulation of IL-10 | Barigela and Bhukya (2021) |
| Lactobacillus fermentum ZS09 | Colon cancer | 4-week-old C57BL/6 mouse - 60 | Inhibition of EMT by regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway | Liu et al. (2021) | |
| Odoribacter splanchnicus | Colorectal cancer | HCT 116, CRC mouse model | Inhibition of CRC cell proliferation, amelioration of tumorigenesis in allograft mice model of CRC | Oh et al. (2021) | |
| Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC4356 | Breast cancer | MCF-7, MCF-7 Xenograft mouse model | Inhibition of cell proliferation and reduction in weight of tumor | Behzadi et al., 2021 | |
| Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L125 | Colon cancer | HT-29 | Anti-clonogenic and anti-migration effect | Tegopoulos et al. (2021) | |
| 2022 | Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1 A5, Lactobacillus acidophilus IIA-2B4 | Colon cancer | WiDr | Dose-dependent anti-cancer activity | Adiyoga et al. (2022) |
| Faecalibacterium prausnitzii | Colorectal cancer | HCT116 | Inhibition of activation of NF-KB, increased production of IL-10 | Dikeocha et al. (2022) | |
| Lactiplantibacillus plantarum | Colon cancer, Cervical cancer | Caco-2, HeLa | Induction of apoptosis in Caco-2 cell line, induction of hydrogen peroxide production and induction of ROS | Nowak et al. (2022) | |
| Lactobacillus rhamnosus SD1, SD4, SD11, GG | CRC | Caco-2, HIEC-6 | Increased expression of IL-10 and hBD(2–4) | Pahumunto and Teanpaisan (2023) | |
| Saccharomyces boulardii | Breast cancer | MCF-7, MCF-7/MX | Suppression of Survivin gene expression, induced apoptosis | Pakbin et al. (2023) | |
| 2023 | Lactiplantibacillus plantarum OC01 | CRC | HCT 116, HT 29 | Suppression of IL-6 limits cancer growth and progression | Vallino et al. (2023) |
| Escherichia coli 536 | Bladder cancer | Bladder cancer cell line 5637 | CX3CL1 gene which plays a role in the elimination of neoplastic cells decreased and CCL2, a gene that promotes lymphatic metastasis was found to be downregulated | Mehmandar-Oskuie et al. (2023) | |
| Lactobacillus bucheri | Gastric cancer | AGS | Increased expression of BAX, CASP9, and CASP3 | Abedi et al. (2023) | |
| Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG | Colon cancer, Metastatic melanoma | HCT-116, Caco-2, HT-29 and A375 | Mitotic arrest in the G2/M phase of cell cycle leads to reduction in viability | (Salemi et al., 2023) | |
| Enterococcus faecalis KUMS-T48 | Gastric cancer, Colon cancer | HT-29 | Downregulation of IL-1β, Upregulation of IL-10 gene expression in HT-29 cell line | Salek et al. (2023) | |
| Saccharomyces boulardii | Gastric cancer | AGS | Downregulation of Survivin, NFκB, IL-8 genes | Pakbin et al. (2023) | |
| Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917, Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 | Colon cancer | Caco-2, HUVEC | Downregulation of anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl | Amin et al. (2023) | |
| 2024 | Lactobacillus casei CRL431 | CRC | HCT-116 and HT-29 | Arrested cell cycle (G0/G1) phase | Abbasi et al. (2023) |
| Pediococcus acidilacti | Breast cancer | MDA-MB-231 | Upregulation of TWIST1 gene involved in EMT, reduction in cancer cell motility | Adumuah et al. (2024) | |
| Lactiplantibacillus plantarum | Melanoma, Breast cancer | HaCaT, A375, MCF-7 | Upregulation of BAX, downregulation of Bcl-2 | Budu et al. (2024) |