TABLE 3.

Role of probiotic-derived bacteriocin against cancer.

Year	Probiotic strain	Bacteriocin	Cancer type	Study subject (cell lines/test animals)	Outcome	References
2008	Streptomyces azureus ATCC 149215	Thiostrepton	Breast cancer	MCF-7	Downregulation of the FOXM1 gene responsible for the proliferation and development of tumor	Kwok et al. (2008)
2011	Pediococcus acidilactici K2a2-3	Pediocin K2a2-3	Colon cancer, cervical cancer	HT29, HeLa	Cytotoxic to both HT29 and HeLa cell lines	Villarante et al. (2011)
2012	Lactococcus lactis	Nisin	HNSCC	UM-SCC-17B, UM-SCC-14A, HSC-3	Activation of CHAC1(apoptotic mediator) and decrease cell proliferation	Joo et al. (2012)
	Pediococcus acidilacti MTCC5101	Pediocin CP2	Multicancer approach	HepG2, HeLa, MCF7, Sp2/0-Ag14	Cytotoxic activity against cancerous cell line	Kumar (2012)
2013	Lactobacillus fermentum HV6b MTCC10770	Fermenticin HV6b	Multicancer approach	HepG2, HeLa, MCF7, Sp2/0, HEK-293	Cytotoxic activity and induction of apoptosis in cancer cell lines	Kaur et al. (2013)
2015	Lactococcus lactis	Nisin ZP	HNSCC	UM-SCC-17B, UM-SCC-14A, HSC-3, OSCC-3	Induction of apoptosis by calpain activation in a dose-dependent manner, apoptosis in endothelial cells, and decreased cell proliferation	Kamarajan et al. (2015)
	Lactococcus lactis	Nisin	Skin cancer	Female Balb/c mice	Increased rate of apoptosis when treated in the combined form of nisin-doxorubicin	Preet et al. (2015)
2016	Streptoverticillium cinnamoneus	Duramycin	Multicancer approach	Pancreatic cell line AsPC-1	Induces release of Ca2+ from cancer cells, Induces necrosis in cancer cells	(Broughton et al., 2016)
2017	Lactococcus lactis	Nisin	Colorectal cancer	SW480	Upregulation of Bax/Bcl2 genes, cytotoxic effect against SW480 cells	Ahmadi et al. (2017)
	Enterococcus faecium por1	Enterocin-A	Colon cancer, gastric cancer, cervical cancer	HT29, Caco2, AGS, HeLa	Cell cycle arrest in sub-G and G1 phase, induction of apoptosis	Ankaiah et al. (2017)
	Brevibacillus sp. strain SKDU10	Lactosporulin10	Multicancer approach	HeLa, RWPE-1, HEK293T, HT1080, H1299	Dose-dependent cytotoxic activity by membrane disintegration against cancer cell lines	Baindara et al. (2017)
2018	Enterococcus faecalis	Enterocin Oe-342	Colon cancer	HCT-116	Cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, and membrane blebbing along with shrinkage of cancer cells	(Al-Fakharany et al., 2018)
	Enterococcus faecium por1	Enterocin-B, Enterocin-A + B	Colon cancer, cervical cancer, gastric cancer	HT29, HeLa, and AGS	Induction of apoptosis by nuclear fragmentation	Ankaiah et al. (2018)
	Lactococcus lactis	Nisin Z	Skin cancer	Human malignant melanoma (A375)	The generation of reactive oxygen species, affects the energy metabolism and induction of apoptosis	Lewies et al. (2018)
	Lactococcus lactis	Nisin	Colorectal cancer	LS180, SW48, HT29 and Caco2	Downregulation of CEA, CEAM6, MMP2F and MMP9F genes in all cell lines. Suppression of CEA protein expression	Norouzi et al. (2018)
	Lactococcus lactis	Nisin	Neuroblastoma	IMR-32, Neuroblastoma membrane model	Inhibition of IMR-32 cell proliferation by increasing the cell membrane fluidity	Prince et al. (2019)
2018	Lactococcus lactis	Nisin	Astrocytoma	SW1088 cell line	Inhibition of cell proliferation in a dose-dependent fraction	Zainodini et al. (2018)
2019	Streptomyces azureus ATCC 149215	Thiostrepton	Breast cancer	MCF-7	Suppression of FOXM1protein	Kongsema et al. (2019)
2020	Enterococcus thailandicus	Enterocin LNS18	Liver cancer	HepG2	Cell cycle arrest in G0 phase, increased production of ROS and downregulation of HepG2 markers	Al-Madboly et al. (2020)
2021	Streptoverticillium cinnamoneus	Duramycin	Liver cancer	MCA-RH 7777	Increased production of ROS, and induction of apoptosis	Yang et al. (2021)
	Enterococcus faecium	Enterocin 12a	Osteosarcoma, lung cancer, colon cancer, cervical cancer	MG-63, A549, HCT-15 and HeLa	Dose-dependent inhibition of cancer cell lines and induction of apoptosis through morphological alterations	Sharma et al. (2021)
2022	Lactococcus lactis	Nisin	Liver cancer	HuH-7 and SNU182	Downregulated genes responsible for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition	Balcik-Ercin and Sever (2022)
2023	Lactobacillus plantarum	Plantaricin BM-1	Colorectal cancer	SW480	Induction of apoptosis through caspase-dependent pathway, downregulation of genes involved in TNF, NF-κB, and MAPK signalling pathway	(Wang et al., 2023)