TABLE 4.
Effect of EPS of probiotics against cancer.
| Year | Probiotic strain | Cancer type | Study subject (cell lines/test animals) | Outcome | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | Lctobacillus acidophilus 606 | Colon cancer | HT-29 | Downregulation of genes like Beclin-1, GRP78 and Bcl-2 | Kim et al. (2010) |
| 2011 | Lactobacillus casei 01 | Colon cancer | HT-29 | Dose-dependent cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells | Liu et al. (2011) |
| 2013 | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens | Gastric cancer | MC-4, SGC-7901 | Dose-dependent cytotoxicity against cancer cells with morphological disruptions including cell shrinkage and nucleus fragmentation | Chen et al. (2013) |
| Lactobacillus plantarum NRRL B-4496 | Multicancer approach | MCF-7, HepG2, Caco, HCT116, Hep G2 | Inhibition of proliferation of cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner | Haroun et al. (2013) | |
| 2014 | Lactobacillus helvictus MB2-1 | Gastric cancer | BGC-823 | Time-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation | Li et al. (2014) |
| Lactobacillus plantarum 70,810 | Gastric, Liver and colon cancer | Hep G2, BGC-823, HT- 29 | Concentration-dependent inhibition of tumor cell growth | Wang et al. (2014) | |
| Bacillus thuringiensis S13 | Lung cancer | A549 | Cytotoxic activity against lung cancer cell line A549 | (Karuppiah et al., 2014) | |
| 2015 | Lctobacillus acidophilus MTCC 10307 | Colorectal cancer | HCT-15, CaCo2 | Suppression of VEGF, HIF-1α and upregulation of HIF-2α, PAI-1, TIMP-3 and HO-1 | Deepak et al. (2016) |
| 2017 | Bacillus flexus | Liver cancer | Hep G2 | Cytotoxic activity against cancer cell line Hep G2 | Abdelnasser et al. (2017) |
| Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 3MS 2017 | Breast cancer, Prostate cancer | MCF-7, PC-3 | Concentration-dependent inhibition of MCF-7 and PC-3 cell growth, inhibition activity against cyclooxygenases enzyme (COX-2) | El-Newary et al. (2017) | |
| Lactobacillus gasseri | Cervical cancer | HeLa | Upregulation of BAX and Casp3 gene, increase in IL-10 production, and decrease in TNF- α production | Sungur et al. (2017) | |
| Lactobacillus casei SB27 | Colon cancer | HT-29 | Upregulation of BAX, BAD, Casp 3, and Casp 8 genes. Induction of apoptosis by morphological disruption | Di et al. (2017) | |
| Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 | Colon cancer | CT-29 (Mouse cell line) | Upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes (Fas, Fasl, and c-Jun) and suppression of CT26 cell proliferation by Fas/Fasl-mediated apoptotic pathway | Zhou et al. (2017) | |
| 2018 | Lactobacillus acidophilus 20,079 | Breast cancer, Colon cancer | MCF-7, CaCo-2 | Restricted the proliferation of cancer cells, upregulation of genes like p 53 and IKaB | El-Deeb et al. (2018) |
| Bacillus velezensis MHM3 | Breast cancer | MCF-7 | Induction of apoptosis by activation of caspase-3, downregulation of Bcl2 gene, and increase the production of cyt c | Mahgoub et al. (2018) | |
| Streptococcus thermophilus CH9 | Liver cancer | Hep G2 | Induction of apoptosis with morphological alterations | Sun et al. (2018) | |
| 2019 | Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei | Colon cancer | HT-29 | Time-dependent induction of apoptosis by DNA fragmentation | Mojibi et al. (2019) |
| Lactobacillus kefri MSR101 | Colon cancer | HT-29 | Induction of apoptosis by upregulation of Cyt-c, BAX, BAD, caspase3, caspase8 and caspase9, downregulation of Bcl-2 | Riaz Rajoka et al. (2019) | |
| Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus | Colon cancer | HT-29 | Time independent inhibition of cell proliferation by apoptosis, upregulation of BAX, caspase3, caspase9 and downregulation of Bcl2, survivin | Tukenmez et al. (2019) | |
| Bifidobacterium breve lw01 | HNSCC | SCC15, CAL 27, WSU-HN6 | Inhibition of cell proliferation in dosage-dependent manner, cell cycle arrest and promotion of apoptosis | (Wang et al., 2019) | |
| Lactobacillus fermentum YL-11 | Colon cancer | HT-29, CaCo-2 | Inhibition of cell growth and proliferation, cytotoxic activity against cancer cells | Wei et al. (2019) | |
| 2020 | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 3M 2017 | Breast cancer | Sprague-Dawley rats | Inhibition of COX-2 gene expression, inhibition of growth-limiting enzymes like aromatase and ATPase | Ibrahim et al. (2020) |
| 2021 | Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 12 | Colon cancer | C57BL/6 mice, HT-29 | Induction of apoptosis by activation of caspase cascade, upregulation of caspase -8, caspase-9, and caspase-3, and downregulation of PCNA | (Ma et al., 2021) |
| Bacillus sp NRC5 | Breast cancer, Prostate cancer | MCF-7, PC3, and Albino female mice | Inhibition of COX-2 gene, reduction of tumor weight in mice | Mohamed et al. (2021) | |
| 2022 | Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. Bulgaris DSMZ 20081 | Multi cancer approach | HEK 93, CaCo2, HepG2, MCF-7 | Cytotoxic effect against cancer cells, upregulation of BAX, Caspase 3, Caspase 8, p53, and downregulation of BCl-2, MCL1, and vimentin genes | Khalil et al. (2022) |
| Lactobacillus pantheris TCP102 | Colon cancer, gastric cancer, and ovarian cancer | HCT-116, A-2780, BCG-803 | Suppression of cell proliferation in cell lines, production of nitric oxide | Sheng et al. (2022) | |
| 2023 | Bacillus subtilis | Breast cancer cells | MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-468 ZR-75-30, HCC1428, and BT549 |
Upregulation of pro-inflammatory pathways like STAT1 and NF-kB.IKKβ, induction of apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest G1/G0 phase | Nguyen et al. (2023) |
| Lactiplantibacillus plantarum YT013 | Gastric cancer | AGS | Concentration-dependent induction of apoptosis, upregulation of BAX, BAD, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9, and downregulation of Bcl2 | Zhang et al. (2023) |