TABLE 5.
Effects of SCFAs against cancer.
| Year | Probiotic strain | SCFA | Cancer type | Study Subject (cell lines/test animals) |
Outcome | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | Propionibacterium acidipropionici, Propionibacterium freudenreichii | Propionate, acetate | Colorectal cancer | HT-29 | Induction of apoptosis by with loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and nuclear chromatin condensation | Jan et al. (2002) |
| 2005 | Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens | Butyrate | Colorectal cancer | Male Jcl: ICR mice (4 weeks old) | Increased number of NK and NKT cells, decreased β-glucuronidase activity | Ohkawara et al. (2005) |
| 2006 | Propionibacterium freudenreichii | Propionate, acetate | Colorectal cancer | HT-29 | Induction of cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, mitochondrial depolarisation, ROS accumulation and destruction in ATP levels | Lan et al. (2007) |
| 2013 | Pediococcus pentosaceus FP3, Lactobacillus salivarius FP25, and Lactobacillus salivarius FP35 | Butyric and propionic acid | Colon cancer | CaCo-2 | Dose-dependent induction of cancer cell death, induction of apoptosis by caspase-3 activity | Thirabunyanon and Hongwittayakorn (2013) |
| Clostridium butyricum | Butyrate | Colon cancer | C57BL/6 mice | Upregulation of Foxp 3 gene in colonic Treg cells | Furusawa et al. (2013) | |
| 2015 | Lactobacillus fermentum NCIMB 5221, Lactobacillus fermentum NCIMB 2797 | Acetate, butyrate, and propionate | Colon cancer | CaCo-2 | Time-dependent inhibition of CaCo-2 cell proliferation | Kahouli et al. (2015) |
| 2018 | Propionibacterium freudenreichii | Acetate, propionate | Colon cancer | HT-29 | Cytotoxic effects against CRC cells, cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase | Casanova et al. (2018) |
| 2020 | Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum | Butyrate | Colorectal cancer | SW480, SW620 BALB/cByJNarl male mice (4–6 weeks) | Upregulation of SLC5A8 expression in cell line as well as mice, decrease in tumor progression in mice | Chang et al. (2020) |
| Clostridium butyricum | Butyrate | Colorectal cancer | HCT 116, CaCo-2, HCT-8, Apc min/+ mice (4-weeks-old) | Suppression of tumor development by altering the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, increase in expression of GPR43 and GPR109A | Chen et al. (2020) | |
| 2021 | Escherichia coli | Butyrate | Colorectal cancer | HT-29, BALB/cAnN.Cg male mice (4-weeks old) | Induction of apoptosis by cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, induction of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway Reduction of 70% tumor volume in mice |
Chiang and Hong (2021) |
| Escherichia coli KUB-36 | Acetic acid, butyric acid | Colon cancer, breast cancer | HT-29, MCF-7 | Dose-dependent cytotoxic effect against cell lines, increased expression of IL-10 gene | Nakkarach et al. (2021) | |
| Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum | Butyrate | Urinary bladder cancer | HT 1376 | Increase in expression of GPR43, FABP4 and BLCAP genes | Wang et al. (2021) | |
| 2022 | Lactoplantibacillus plantarum S2T10D | Butyrate | Colon cancer | HT-29 | Downregulation of cyclin D1 gene expression, cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase | Botta et al. (2022) |
| 2022 | Lactobacillus paracasei SD1, Lactobacillus rhamnosus SD11 | Butyrate | Colon cancer | CaCo-2, HIEC | Dose as well as time-dependent inhibition of cancer cell growth, accumulation of butyrate in the nucleus leading to apoptosis | Thananimit et al. (2022) |