Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| Variable | Overall | Baseline glycemic status |
P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normoglycemia | Prediabetes | Diabetes | |||
| Number | 7,947 | 3,352 | 1,653 | 2,942 | |
| Age, yr | 57.48±10.49 | 55.39±10.80 | 59.21±9.54 | 58.88±10.23 | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 5,771 (72.6) | 2,549 (76.0) | 1,146 (69.3) | 2,076 (70.6) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.92±3.18 | 25.49±3.13 | 25.98±3.24 | 26.37±3.14 | <0.001 |
| Medical history | |||||
| Hypertension | 4,971 (62.6) | 1,878 (56.0) | 1,017 (61.5) | 2,076 (70.6) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 6,035 (75.9) | 2,404 (71.7) | 1,256 (76.0) | 2,375 (80.7) | <0.001 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 2,234 (28.1) | 0 | 0 | 2,234 (75.9) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 245 (3.08) | 89 (2.66) | 55 (3.33) | 101 (3.43) | 0.166 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 99 (1.25) | 24 (0.72) | 26 (1.57) | 49 (1.67) | 0.001 |
| Current smoking | 4,388 (55.2) | 1,920 (57.3) | 872 (52.8) | 1,596 (54.2) | 0.004 |
| Family history of coronary artery disease | 1,106 (13.9) | 497 (14.8) | 215 (13.0) | 394 (13.4) | 0.126 |
| Laboratory data | |||||
| Endothelin-1, pmol/L | 0.23 (0.18–0.33) | 0.22 (0.17–0.32) | 0.23 (0.17–0.33) | 0.25 (0.19–0.35) | <0.001 |
| FPG, mmol/L | 5.87±1.78 | 4.95±0.52 | 5.37±0.68 | 7.19±2.28 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 6.33±1.11 | 5.56±0.29 | 6.11±0.22 | 7.34±1.23 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.50 (1.10–2.09) | 1.44 (1.05–2.00) | 1.52 (1.12–2.07) | 1.57 (1.17–2.20) | 0.006 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.12±1.16 | 4.12±1.15 | 4.16±1.18 | 4.09±1.18 | 0.175 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.49±0.98 | 2.51±1.01 | 2.52±0.92 | 2.45±0.96 | 0.011 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.05±0.29 | 1.06±0.30 | 1.07±0.28 | 1.03±0.28 | <0.001 |
| Lipoprotein (a), mg/dL | 15.09 (6.70–36.57) | 15.52 (6.91–37.84) | 15.88 (7.08–38.55) | 14.23 (6.37–34.16) | 0.002 |
| Apolipoprotein A1, g/L | 1.33±0.29 | 1.32±0.28 | 1.36±0.27 | 1.33±0.31 | 0.001 |
| Apolipoprotein B, g/L | 0.91±0.29 | 0.91±0.29 | 0.90±0.28 | 0.92±0.30 | 0.479 |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | 3.21±0.82 | 3.09±0.73 | 3.28±0.96 | 3.32±0.80 | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine, mmol/L | 77.42±15.75 | 77.63±14.93 | 76.80±14.62 | 77.52±17.22 | 0.195 |
| Left main ejection fraction, % | 63.77±7.43 | 64.06±7.32 | 63.88±7.44 | 63.36±7.54 | 0.001 |
| NT-proBNP, fmol/mL | 334.4 (60.5–571.4) | 224.0 (51.2–527.1) | 393.1 (83.9–612.1) | 373.6 (69.0–598.7) | <0.001 |
| Baseline medications | |||||
| Statins | 7,200 (90.6) | 2,972 (88.7) | 1,538 (93.0) | 2,690 (91.4) | <0.001 |
| Aspirin | 7,515 (94.6) | 3,112 (92.8) | 1,595 (96.5) | 2,808 (95.4) | 0.003 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | 1,904 (24.0) | 769 (22.9) | 411 (24.9) | 724 (24.6) | 0.189 |
| Angiotensin II receptor blockers | 1,924 (24.2) | 698 (20.8) | 389 (23.5) | 837 (28.5) | <0.001 |
| β-Blockers | 6,104 (76.8) | 2,466 (73.6) | 1,277 (77.3) | 2,361 (80.3) | <0.001 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 2,999 (37.7) | 1,132 (42.2) | 669 (40.5) | 1,198 (40.7) | <0.001 |
| Diseased vessels | <0.001 | ||||
| One vessel | 3,513 (44.21) | 1,652 (49.30) | 729 (44.10) | 1,132 (38.48) | |
| Two vessels | 2,082 (26.20) | 860 (25.66) | 432 (26.13) | 790 (26.85) | |
| Three vessels | 2,352 (29.60) | 840 (25.06) | 492 (29.76) | 1,020 (34.67) | |
| Revascularization strategies | |||||
| PCI | 3,195 (40.20) | 1,321 (39.41) | 662 (40.05) | 1,212 (41.20) | 0.350 |
| CABG | 80 (1.01) | 33 (0.98) | 17 (1.03) | 30 (1.02) | 0.985 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or median (interquartile range).
BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide; PCI, percutaneous coronary artery intervention; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting.