Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants
| Variable | Group |
P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n=214) | Alo (n=75) | Pio (n=69) | Alo+Pio (n=70) | ||
| Age, yr | 58.9±9.2 | 58.9±8.7 | 58.12±9.9 | 59.7±9.0 | 0.6822a |
| Age <65 year | 144 (67.29) | 55 (73.33) | 45 (65.22) | 44 (62.86) | 0.3671 |
| Male sex | 122 (57.01) | 44 (58.67) | 41 (59.42) | 37 (52.86) | 0.6907 |
| Weight, kg | 67.4±11.2 | 67.8±11.7 | 69.3±11.3 | 65.2±10.2 | 0.1555a |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.4±3.3 | 25.5±3.3 | 25.7±3.3 | 25.1±3.4 | 0.4418a |
| Duration of T2DM, yr | 9.1±5.7 | 9.6 ± 5.6 | 8.1± 5.6 | 9.7± 5.8 | 0.1295a |
| Metformin dose, mg/day | 1,434.8±353.1 | 1,416.0±361.3 | 1,476.1±339.4 | 1,414.3±358.9 | 0.5226a |
| Hypertension | 128 (59.81) | 48 (64.00) | 40 (57.97) | 40 (57.14) | 0.6531 |
| Dyslipidemia | 169 (78.97) | 61 (81.33) | 51 (73.91) | 57 (81.43) | 0.4562 |
| Current smoker | 34 (15.89) | 10 (13.33) | 14 (20.29) | 10 (14.29) | 0.7615 |
| Alcohol | 96 (44.86) | 34 (45.33) | 26 (37.68) | 36 (51.43) | 0.2638 |
| HbA1c, % | 8.0±0.4 | 7.9±0.7 | 8.1±0.8 | 8.1±0.8 | 0.3238a |
| FBS, mg/dL | 160.1±38.4 | 155.8±36.3 | 159.3±41.8 | 165.5±36.9 | 0.0069a |
| Fasting C-peptide, ng/dL | 1.72±0.75 | 1.73±0.74 | 1.79±0.89 | 1.64±0.61 | 0.7908a |
| Glycoalbumin, % | 20.3±3.7 | 19.8±3.5 | 20.1±3.9 | 20.9±3.8 | 0.2220b |
| GA/HbA1c ratio | 2.5±0.4 | 2.5±0.3 | 2.5±0.4 | 2.6±0.4 | 0.3105b |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 163.6±37.4 | 163.5±33.3 | 157.7±34.4 | 169.4±43.6 | 0.3751a |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 170.4±262.5 | 163.9±151.9 | 137.4±68.7 | 210.0±425.0 | 0.2791a |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 51.6±11.7 | 50.3±11.0 | 52.9±13.5 | 51.8±10.6 | 0.4817a |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 94.5±30.6 | 96.3±32.1 | 91.0±29.8 | 96.0±30.1 | 0.4464a |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).
Alo, alogliptin; Pio, pioglitazone; BMI, body mass index; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; FBS, fasting blood sugar; GA, glycoalbumin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
a
Kruskal-Wallis test for nonparametric statistical analysis,
b
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test for parametric analysis.