Table 3. AHRs for COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Associated With Common Non-English Primary Languages.
| Primary language | Patients, No. (%) | AHR (95% CI)a | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 1 001 235) | Booster eligible (n = 635 539) | Primary series (N = 1 001 235) | First-generation booster (n = 628 891) | Bivalent booster (n = 635 539) | |
| Hmong | 2404 (0.2) | 2829 (0.4) | 0.81 (0.77-0.85) | 0.81 (0.76-0.86) | 0.72 (0.66-0.78) |
| Somali | 15 407 (1.5) | 5935 (0.9) | 0.74 (0.72-0.76) | 0.34 (0.32-0.36) | 0.30 (0.27-0.32) |
| Spanish | 15 459 (1.5) | 8908 (1.4) | 0.95 (0.93-0.97) | 0.80 (0.77-0.83) | 0.70 (0.66-0.73) |
| Vietnamese | 5007 (0.5) | 3903 (0.6) | 0.92 (0.89-0.95) | 0.95 (0.92-0.99) | 0.67 (0.63-0.71) |
| Languages from Eastern Africab | 5397 (0.5) | 2873 (0.5) | 0.97 (0.94-1.01) | 0.54 (0.51-0.58) | 0.45 (0.41-0.50) |
| Languages from East Asiac | 2548 (0.3) | 1961 (0.3) | 0.93 (0.89-0.97) | 0.99 (0.93-1.04) | 0.86 (0.80-0.92) |
| Languages from Southeast Asiad | 4833 (0.5) | 3541 (0.6) | 0.9 (0.87-0.93) | 0.82 (0.79-0.86) | 0.87 (0.82-0.91) |
| Languages from Southern Asia and the Indian subcontinente | 1821 (0.2) | 1285 (0.2) | 0.88 (0.84-0.93) | 0.93 (0.87-1.00) | 0.85 (0.77-0.93) |
| Languages from Central and Eastern Europef | 1796 (0.2) | 639 (0.1) | 0.36 (0.34-0.39) | 0.62 (0.56-0.69) | 0.33 (0.28-0.39) |
| Languages from Northern Africa and the Middle Eastg | 1714 (0.2) | 990 (0.2) | 0.91 (0.85-0.96) | 0.69 (0.63-0.76) | 0.78 (0.70-0.88) |
| Other | 2466 (0.2) | 1533 (0.2) | 0.91 (0.87-0.96) | 0.84 (0.79-0.90) | 0.88 (0.81-0.96) |
| Unknown | 15 445 (1.5) | 7254 (1.1) | 0.89 (0.87-0.91) | 1 (0.96-1.03) | 0.93 (0.89-0.97) |
English was the reference category. Adjusted for patient sex, age, race and ethnicity, country of origin (US vs non-US), immunocompromised status, and insurance type.
Swahili, Amharic, Oromo, Tigrinya, Kinyarwanda, Luganda, Lingala, Kru, Sango, Dinka, Anuak, Nuer, Bassa, Kissii, Afar, Vai, Greybo, Greyboe, Madi, Mende, Rundi, and Kunama.
Mandarin Chinese, Cantonese, Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese, Taishanese, Mongolian, Uzbek, and Krahn.
Khmer (Cambodian), Burmese, Thai, Lao, Tagalog, Indonesian, Malaysian (Bahasa), Filipino, Tibetan, Visayan, Tulu, Ceblano, Central Khmer, Ilocano, Malay, Bahasa, Laotian, Cambodian/Khmer, and Karen.
Hindi, Nepali, Bengali, Urdu, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Gujarati, Marathi, Sinhala, Malayalam, and Kannada.
Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Romanian, Bulgarian, Serbian, Czech, Slovak, Hungarian, Estonian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Albanian, Georgian, Croatian, Abkhazian, Greek, Armenian, Bosnian, Azerbaijan, and Moldavian.
Arabic, Persian, Kurdish, Turkish, Azerbaijani, Pashto, Dari, and Hebrew.