Table 3. Marginal Adjusted Cumulative Mortality Riska by Hispanic/Latino Background based on the Progressively Adjusted Modelsb.
| Summary | Central American | Cuban | Dominican | Mexican | Puerto Rican | South American |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person-Yearsa | 18671.31 | 24412.68 | 15015.66 | 70854.84 | 27626.74 | 11495.78 |
| Deathsa | 86 | 211 | 75 | 288 | 246 | 40 |
| Before the Pandemic: 11-Year Cumulative Mortality Risk | ||||||
| Model 1 (Age and Sex) | ||||||
| Mortality Risk | 4.0% | 5.7% | 3.7% | 3.7% | 6.3% | 2.4% |
| 95% CI | (3.1%, 5.1%) | (5.0%, 6.6%) | (2.6%, 5.3%) | (3.0%, 4.5%) | (5.2%, 7.6%) | (1.7%, 3.5%) |
| Model 2 (Age, Sex, and SES) | ||||||
| Mortality Risk | 4.0% | 5.7% | 3.4% | 3.8% | 6.0% | 2.6% |
| 95% CI | (3.1%, 5.2%) | (4.9%, 6.7%) | (2.4%, 4.9%) | (3.1%, 4.7%) | (4.9%, 7.3%) | (1.8%, 3.8%) |
| Model 3 (Age, Sex, SES, and Acculturation-Related Factors) | ||||||
| Mortality Risk | 4.3% | 6.1% | 3.7% | 3.8% | 5.3% | 2.8% |
| 95% CI | (3.4%, 5.6%) | (5.2%, 7.1%) | (2.6%, 5.2%) | (3.1%, 4.7%) | (4.3%, 6.5%) | (1.9%, 4.1%) |
| Model 4 (Age, Sex, SES, Acculturation-Related, and Lifestyle Factors) | ||||||
| Mortality Risk | 4.6% | 5.0% | 4.4% | 5.4% | 4.3% | 2.8% |
| 95% CI | (3.6%, 6.0%) | (4.2%, 5.8%) | (3.1%, 6.4%) | (4.2%, 6.9%) | (3.3%, 5.5%) | (1.9%, 4.1%) |
| Model 5 (Age, Sex, SES, Acculturation-Related, Lifestyle, and Clinical Factors) | ||||||
| Mortality Risk | 4.9% | 4.6% | 4.3% | 5.6% | 4.3% | 3.4% |
| 95% CI | (3.8%, 6.3%) | (3.9%, 5.4%) | (3.0%, 6.2%) | (4.4%, 7.1%) | (3.4%, 5.5%) | (2.4%, 5.0%) |
| During the Pandemic: 2-Year Cumulative Mortality Risk | ||||||
| Model 1 (Age and Sex) | ||||||
| Mortality Risk | 2.0% | 1.4% | 1.7% | 1.5% | 1.5% | 1.1% |
| 95% CI | (1.4%, 3.0%) | (1.1%, 1.7%) | (1.1%, 2.6%) | (1.2%, 1.9%) | (1.1%, 2.0%) | (0.6%, 2.0%) |
| Model 2 Age, Sex, and SES) | ||||||
| Mortality Risk | 2.0% | 1.4% | 1.6% | 1.6% | 1.4% | 1.2% |
| 95% CI | (1.4%, 3.0%) | (1.1%, 1.8%) | (1.0%, 2.4%) | (1.2%, 2.0%) | (1.0%, 1.9%) | (0.7%, 2.1%) |
| Model 3 (Age-Sex, SES, and Acculturation-Related Factors) | ||||||
| Mortality Risk | 2.1% | 1.5% | 1.7% | 1.6% | 1.2% | 1.3% |
| 95% CI | (1.5%, 3.1%) | (1.2%, 1.8%) | (1.1%, 2.5%) | (1.2%, 2.0%) | (0.9%, 1.7%) | (0.7%, 2.2%) |
| Model 4 (Age, Sex, SES, Acculturation-Related, and Lifestyle Factors) | ||||||
| Mortality Risk | 2.1% | 1.2% | 1.9% | 2.0% | 1.0% | 1.2% |
| 95% CI | (1.5%, 3.1%) | (1.0%, 1.5%) | (1.3%, 2.7%) | (1.6%, 2.6%) | (0.7%, 1.5%) | (0.7%, 2.1%) |
| Model 5 (Age, Sex, SES, Acculturation-Related, Lifestyle, and Clinical Factors) | ||||||
| Mortality Risk | 2.1% | 1.1% | 1.8% | 2.0% | 1.0% | 1.4% |
| 95% CI | (1.5%, 3.0%) | (0.9%, 1.4%) | (1.3%, 2.6%) | (1.6%, 2.5%) | (0.7%, 1.5%) | (0.9%, 2.4%) |
Abbreviations: CI: confidence intervals; SES: socioeconomic status
All values are weighted for study design and non-response except for person-years and number of deaths for which unweighted numbers are presented.
Model 1 estimated the difference in mortality risk among Hispanic/Latino groups after adjusting for age and sex. Progressive models were fit to investigate whether the disparity in mortality risk across Hispanic/Latino groups persist after accounting for socioeconomic, acculturation, lifestyle, and clinical related factors. Model 2 added socioeconomic status (income, education, and health insurance). Model 3 added acculturation related factors (place of birth /age at immigration, language preference). Model 4 was additionally adjusted for lifestyle characteristics (diet, physical activity), and Model 5 added clinical factors (major CVD risk factors, family history of CHD, stroke, or cancer, prevalent chronic comorbidities, and elevated depressive symptoms).