Table 2. Fish Protein Derived Peptide Sequences with in Vitro and in Situ Antioxidant Activitiesa.
| fish source | peptide sequence | antioxidant activity | ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hoki—frame (Johnius belengerii) | GSTVPERTHPACPDFN | DPPH (EC50: 41.37 μM), OH-radical scavenging activity (EC50: 17.77 μM) | (47) |
| blue-spotted stingray muscle (Dasyatis kuhlii) | WAFAPA, MYPGLA | ABTS radical scavenging activity (EC50:12.6 and 19.8 μM) | (48) |
| hairtail muscle (Trichiurus japonicas) | KA, AKG, IYG | DPPH (EC50: 0.626–0.902 mg/mL), ABTS (EC50: 0.586–1.652 mg/mL), OH- (EC50: 1.740–2.498 mg/mL), O2- radical scavenging activity (EC50: 1.355–2.538 mg/mL) | (49) |
| Spanish mackerel skin (Scomberomorous niphonius) | PFGPD, PYGAKG, YGPM | DPPH (EC50: 0.72–3.02 mg/mL), ABTS (EC50: 0.82–1.07 mg/mL), OH- (EC50: 0.66–0.88 mg/mL), O2- radical scavenging activity (EC50: 0.73–0.91 mg/mL) | (169) |
| skipjack tuna bones (Katsuwonus pelamis) | GADIVA, GAEGFIF | DPPH (EC50: 0.52 and 0.30 mg/mL), ABTS (EC50: 0.44 and 0.21 mg/mL), OH- (EC50: 0.25 and 0.32 mg/mL), O2- radical scavenging activity (EC50: 0.52 and 0.48 mg/mL) | (61) |
| round scad muscle (Decapterus maruadsi) | KGFR | DPPH radical scavenging activity (EC50: 0.13 mg/mL) | (60) |
| black shark skin | ATVY | DPPH (62.25% inhibition), ABTS radical scavenging activity (81.05% inhibition) | (53) |
| Atlantic sea cucumber | TEFHLL | myeloperoxidase inhibition | (170) |
| sturgeon (Acipenser schrencki) skin | GDRGESGPA | DPPH radical scavenging activity (EC50, 1.93 mM) | (56) |
| horse mackerel skin (Magalaspis cordyla) | NHRYDR | DPPH and •OH radical scavenging activity | (171) |
| croaker skin (Otolithes ruber) | GNRGFACRHA | DPPH and •OH radical scavenging activity | (171) |
| tuna dark muscle (Thunnus tonggol) | LPTSEAAKY and PMDYMVT | DPPH (79.6 and 85.2% inhibition) radical scavenging activity and ferric thiocyanate method | (172) |
| cutlassfish muscle (Trichiurus lepturus) | FSGE | DPPH (EC50: 0.03 mg/mL), eroxyl radical scavenging activity (EC50: 0.02 mg/mL) | (173) |
| stone fish flesh (Actinopygalecanora) | GVSGLHID | DPPH (EC50: 4.14 mg/mL) and ABTS radical scavenging activity (EC50: 3.28 mg/mL) | (174) |
| sea squirt (Halocynthiaroretzi) protein | LEW, MTTL, YYPYQL | DPPH (EC50:1.29–10 mM), ABTS, ORAC, Fe2 + chelating activity (9.20–12.5%) | (54) |
| tuna roe | ICRD, LCGEC | DPPH radical scavenging activity HaCaT cells: SOD, Mn-SOD, Cu-SOD, GSH-Px, MDA | (62) |
| tuna trimmings | ACGSDGK, KFCSGHA | myeloperoxidase inhibition, ORAC (0.82 and 0.96 μM trolox/mg peptide) | (57) |
| squid head | REGYFK | DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity | (175) |
| spotless smooth hound cartilage (Mustelus griseus) | GAERP, GEREANVM, AEVG | DPPH (EC50: 0.87–3.73 mg/mL), ABTS (EC50: 0.05–1.0 mg/mL), OH- (EC50: 0.06–0.34 mg/mL), O2- radical scavenging activity (EC50: 0.09–0.33 mg/mL) HepG2 cells: lipid peroxidation inhibition | (63) |
| redlip croaker—scales (Pseudosciaena polyactis) | GPEGPMGLE, EGPFGPEG, GFIGPTE | DPPH (EC50: 0.37–0.59 mg/mL), OH– (EC50: 0.32–0.45 mg/mL), O2– radical scavenging activity (EC50: 0.47- 0.74 mg/mL). HepG2 cells: ROS level, lipid peroxidation inhibition | (64) |
| Hoki—skin (Johnius belengerii) | HGPLGPL | DPPH (EC50: 156.8 μM), O2– radical scavenging activity (EC50: 28.8 μM). Hep3B cells: SOD (92.8% increase), GPx (60.78% increase), CAT (35% increase) | (65) |
| monkfish muscle (Lophius litulon) | EDIVCW, MGPVW, YWDAY | DPPH (EC50: 0.39–0.62 mg/mL), OH- (EC50:0.32–0.61 mg/mL), O2– radical scavenging activity (EC50: 0.48–0.94 mg/mL). HepG2 cells: ROS level, lipid peroxidation inhibition | (66) |
| Pacific herring muscle (Clupea pallasii) | LHDELT, KEEKFE | DPPH (EC50: 5.14 and 4.37 mg/mL), OH– radical scavenging activity (EC50: 4.57 and 3.78 mg/mL) | (67) |
| HepG2 cells: cellular antioxidant activity (EC50: 1.19 and 1.04 mg/mL) | |||
| Pacific cod skin gelatin (Gadus macrocephalus) | TCSP, TGGGNV | RAW 264.7 cells: intracellular free radical scavenging activity | (176) |
a
DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; ABTS, 2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid); ORAC, oxygen radical absorbance capacity; SOD, superoxide dismutase; GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase; CAT, catalase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; MDA, ,malondialdehyde; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; O2–, superoxide anion; OH, hydroxyl. One letter amino acid code used for peptide sequences.