Table 5.

Protective mechanisms of SPMs against septic brain injury.

SPMs	Model	concentration/dose and application	Mechanisms of intervention	Effect/outcome	Reference
AT-LXA4	LPS intervention on BV2 cells	incubated with different concentrations (1 nM, 10 nM or 100 nM) of AT-LXA4 for 30 min	Inflammatory cytokines	NO, IL-1β and TNF-α↓	(63)
			NF-κB/MAPK/AP-1 pathway	Activation↓
RVD1	LPS intervention on BV2 cells	incubated with 10 nM of RVD1 for 30 min	Pro-inflammatory marker mRNA expression	IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and CD86↓	(66)
			Gene expression of miRNAs	MiR-155, miR-21 and miR-146 expression↑, miR-219 expression↓
	CLP	RvD1 (5 μg/kg) was injected by caudal vein	Brain function	Learning and cognitive ability↑	(65)
			Inflammatory cells/cytokines	Microglia activity↓, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β↓
			NF-κB/MAPK/STAT pathways	Activation↓
RVE1	LPS intervention on BV2 cells	incubated with 10 nM of RVE1 for 30 min	Pro-inflammatory marker mRNA expression	IL-6 and IL-1β↓	(66)
			NF-κB pathway	Activation↓

mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK); nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB); signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT). ↑ represents an increase in level; ↓ represents a decrease in level.