Table 1. Baseline clinical characteristics, laboratory, and echocardiographic parameters of a group including 73 heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction and a group including 77 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers.

Values are presented as means ± standard deviation, medians with the interquartile range values in brackets. HfrEF: heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction, ACEI: angiotensinogen converting enzyme inhibitor, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker, ARNI: angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, AST: aspartate transaminase, BMI: body mass index, CAD: coronary artery disease, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, HFrEF: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, IVS: interventricular septum, LA: left atrium, LAVi: left atrial volume index, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume, LVESV: left ventricular end-systolic volume, LVEDD: left ventricular end diastolic dimension, LVESD: left ventricular end systolic dimension, n: number, NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, p: statistical significance, PW:posterior wall, SBP: systolic blood pressure, TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone, Tn: troponin, WBC: white blood cell.