Figure 1. Study design to identify cardiovesicles for liquid biopsy in cardiovascular diseases.

Proteomics and bioinformatics-based approach to identify POPDC2 and CHRNE as cardiovesicular membrane proteins with validation in human RNA-seq datasets and in vitro experiments. Confirmation of cardiomyocyte EV-specific expression of POPDC2 and CHRNE proteins using the Exomap1 transgenic mouse model (humanized CD81 expression restricted to cardiomyocytes and its EVs). Characterization of the RNA cargo of cardiovesicles in healthy human plasma. Cardiovesicle RNA cargo characterization in cardiovascular disease cohorts with mapping to tissue single cell RNA sequencing data sets.