Table 2:
Demographic/clinical characteristics of children living with HIV and controls. HEU: HIV-exposed Uninfected, TB: tuberculosis, IQR: interquartile range, WHO: World Health Organization. All data are presented as mean (SD) or n (%) unless otherwise specified. All p-values calculated using unpaired t-test or chi-squared test.
| Participants Living with HIV | HEU Participants | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics: | |||
| • Age at enrollment | 12 (2. 2) | 12 (2.7) | N/A |
| • Male sex (% male) | 114 (55%) | 87 (47%) | 0.15 |
| • Median socioeconomic status index (IQR) | 6 (5-8) | 5 (4-7) | <.001 |
| • Years of maternal education | 7.6 (3.4) | 6.4 (3.5) | <.001 |
| Nutritional Status: | |||
| • Low weight for age | 74 (36%) | 35 (20%) | <.001 |
| • Growth stunting | 66 (32%) | 32 (18%) | 0.001 |
| • History of severe malnutrition | 44 (21%) | 5 (2%) | 0.001 |
| Child Physical Health: | |||
| • Self-reported poor health | 21 (10%) | 11 (6%) | 0.135 |
| • History of hospitalization | 172 (83%) | 55 (27%) | <0.001 |
| • History of TB | 70 (33%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001 |
| Education: | |||
| • In school | 193 (92%) | 176 (85%) | .03 |
| • In private school | 100 (52%) | 57 (37%) | 0.01 |
| HIV-specific Factors: | |||
| • Current CD4 count | 772 (348) | N/A | N/A |
| • Nadir CD4 | 551 (347) | N/A | N/A |
| • History of CD4 count below 200 | 17 (8%) | N/A | N/A |
| • History of WHO stage 4 | 90 (43%) | N/A | N/A |
| • History of opportunistic infection other than TB | 16 (8%) | N/A | N/A |
| • Undetectable viral load at enrollment | 173 (83%) | N/A | N/A |
| • Age at ART initiation | <1 year: 23 (11%) 1-2 years: 33 (16%) 2-5 years: 70 (34%) 5-10 years: 56 (27%) > 10 years: 26 (13%) |
N/A | N/A |