Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study sample
| Total (N = 10,289) | Use of Antifibrotics in 2 yr |
SMD | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 7,989) | Yes (n = 2,300) | |||
| Age, yr | 76.5 (8.1) | 77.3 (8.1) | 73.8 (7.4) | −0.45 |
| Age group | ||||
| 50–64 yr | 788 (7.7%) | 541 (6.8%) | 247 (10.7%) | 0.15 |
| 65–74 yr | 3,172 (30.8%) | 2,230 (27.9%) | 942 (41.0%) | 0.28 |
| 75+ yr | 6,329 (61.5%) | 5,218 (65.3%) | 1,111 (48.3%) | −0.35 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 4,212 (40.9%) | 3,445 (43.1%) | 767 (33.3%) | −0.20 |
| Male | 6,077 (59.1%) | 4,544 (56.9%) | 1,533 (66.7%) | 0.20 |
| Census region | ||||
| Midwest | 2,064 (20.1%) | 1,613 (20.2%) | 451 (19.6%) | −0.02 |
| Northwest | 1,190 (11.6%) | 947 (11.9%) | 243 (10.6%) | −0.04 |
| South | 4,357 (42.3%) | 3,355 (42.0%) | 1,002 (43.6%) | 0.03 |
| West | 2,678 (26.0%) | 2,074 (26.0%) | 604 (26.3%) | 0.01 |
| Race | ||||
| White | 7,322 (71.2%) | 5,700 (71.3%) | 1,622 (70.5%) | −0.02 |
| Black | 770 (7.5%) | 599 (7.5%) | 171 (7.4%) | 0.00 |
| Asian | 338 (3.3%) | 253 (3.2%) | 85 (3.7%) | 0.03 |
| Hispanic | 1,325 (12.9%) | 1,002 (12.5%) | 323 (14.0%) | 0.05 |
| Unknown | 534 (5.2%) | 435 (5.4%) | 99 (4.3%) | −0.05 |
| Body mass index class | ||||
| Underweight | 452 (4.4%) | 392 (4.9%) | 60 (2.6%) | −0.11 |
| Normal weight | 935 (9.1%) | 767 (9.6%) | 168 (7.3%) | −0.08 |
| Overweight | 1,491 (14.5%) | 1,124 (14.1%) | 367 (16.0%) | 0.05 |
| Obese | 2,475 (24.1%) | 1,808 (22.6%) | 667 (29.0%) | 0.15 |
| Unknown | 4,936 (48.0%) | 3,898 (48.8%) | 1,038 (45.1%) | −0.07 |
| Long-term oral steroid use | 1,228 (11.9%) | 884 (11.1%) | 344 (15.0%) | 0.12 |
| Pulmonary office visit | 4,643 (45.1%) | 3,210 (40.2%) | 1,433 (62.3%) | 0.45 |
| Oxygen use | 3,044 (29.6%) | 2,283 (28.6%) | 761 (33.1%) | 0.10 |
| Conditions | ||||
| Cardiac arrhythmia | 3,838 (37.3%) | 3,164 (39.6%) | 674 (29.3%) | −0.21 |
| Congestive heart failure | 3,026 (29.4%) | 2,512 (31.4%) | 514 (22.3%) | −0.20 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 6,427 (62.5%) | 4,962 (62.1%) | 1,465 (63.7%) | 0.03 |
| Depression | 2,088 (20.3%) | 1,663 (20.8%) | 425 (18.5%) | −0.06 |
| Diabetes | 3,684 (35.8%) | 2,862 (35.8%) | 822 (35.7%) | 0.00 |
| Hypertension | 8,016 (77.9%) | 6,301 (78.9%) | 1,715 (74.6%) | −0.10 |
| Pulmonary circulation disorder | 1,898 (18.4%) | 1,487 (18.6%) | 411 (17.9%) | −0.02 |
| Peripheral vascular disorders | 3,336 (32.4%) | 2,743 (34.3%) | 593 (25.8%) | −0.18 |
| Hypothyroidism | 2,615 (25.4%) | 2,092 (26.2%) | 523 (22.7%) | −0.08 |
| Renal failure | 2,759 (26.8%) | 2,323 (29.1%) | 436 (19.0%) | −0.23 |
| Liver disease | 880 (8.6%) | 688 (8.6%) | 192 (8.3%) | −0.01 |
| Lymphoma | 175 (1.7%) | 149 (1.9%) | 26 (1.1%) | −0.06 |
| Solid tumor without metastasis | 1,462 (14.2%) | 1,199 (15.0%) | 263 (11.4%) | −0.10 |
| Metastatic cancer | 264 (2.6%) | 241 (3.0%) | 23 (1.0%) | −0.13 |
| Valvular disease | 2,856 (27.8%) | 2,285 (28.6%) | 571 (24.8%) | −0.08 |
| Weight loss | 1,197 (11.6%) | 1025 (12.8%) | 172 (7.5%) | −0.17 |
| Deficiency anemia | 1,158 (11.3%) | 969 (12.1%) | 189 (8.2%) | −0.12 |
| Alcohol abuse | 305 (3.0%) | 258 (3.2%) | 47 (2.0%) | −0.07 |
| Coagulopathy | 877 (8.5%) | 746 (9.3%) | 131 (5.7%) | −0.13 |
| Elixhauser comorbidity index | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 5.6 (3.5) | 5.8 (3.6) | 4.9 (3.2) | −0.27 |
| Median (IQR) | 5.0 (3.0–8.0) | 5.0 (3.0–8.0) | 4.0 (2.0–7.0) | N/A |
| Smoker | 3,886 (37.8%) | 2,988 (37.4%) | 898 (39.0%) | 0.03 |
| Baseline respiratory hospitalizations | ||||
| 0 | 7,556 (73.4%) | 5,776 (72.3%) | 1,780 (77.4%) | 0.12 |
| 1 | 1,812 (17.6%) | 1,425 (17.8%) | 387 (16.8%) | −0.03 |
| 2+ | 921 (9.0%) | 788 (9.9%) | 133 (5.8%) | −0.14 |
Definition of abbreviations: IQR = interquartile range; N/A = not applicable; SD = standard deviation.