Table 2.

Estimated effect of antifibrotic use on all-cause mortality

	Estimate (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	P Value
Time-dependent antifibrotics use
Multivariable adjustment	−0.03 (−0.13, 0.06)	0.97 (0.88, 1.07)	0.5
Propensity score adjustment	0.03 (−0.06, 0.13)	1.04 (0.94, 1.14)	0.49
Sequential propensity score matching	−0.01 (−0.13, 0.11)	0.99 (0.88, 1.12)	0.91
Immortal time period mislabeled
Multivariable adjustment	−0.36 (−0.45, −0.26)	0.70 (0.64, 0.77)	<0.001
Propensity score weighting	−0.40 (−0.51, −0.29)	0.67 (0.60, 0.75)	<0.001
Propensity score matching	−0.29 (−0.41, −0.17)	0.75 (0.67, 0.84)	<0.001
Immortal time period excluded
Multivariable adjustment	−0.20 (−0.30, −0.10)	0.82 (0.74, 0.91)	<0.001
Propensity score weighting	−0.23 (−0.35, −0.12)	0.79 (0.71, 0.88)	<0.001
Propensity score matching	−0.13 (−0.25, −0.01)	0.88 (0.78, 0.99)	0.029

Definition of abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio.

Covariates included in the multivariable regression and propensity score modeling are age, sex, census region, race, body mass index class, long-term oral steroid use, pulmonary office visits, oxygen use, cardiac arrythmia, congestive heart failure, depression, diabetes, hypertension, pulmonary circulation disorder, peripheral vascular disorders, hypothyroidism, renal failure, liver disease, lymphoma, solid tumor without metastasis, valvular disease, weight loss, deficiency anemia, alcohol abuse, coagulopathy, smoker, and baseline respiratory hospitalizations.