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. 2024 Oct 4;14:23103. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-73858-y

Table 4.

Parameter estimation results for the structural equation model effect paths.

Relationship in latent variables Unstd. S.E. Z-value Sig. Std. Significance
H1a: EC→WTP 0.292 0.034 8.549 *** 0.306 Established
H1b: EC→TBP 0.128 0.040 3.229 0.001 0.128 Established
H2a: EE→WTP 0.216 0.035 6.240 *** 0.219 Established
H2b: EE→TBP 0.073 0.040 1.849 0.064 0.071 Failed
H3a: EV→WTP 0.115 0.031 3.775 *** 0.121 Established
H3b: EV→TBP −0.002 0.034 −0.046 0.963 −0.002 Failed
H4a: ES→WTP 0.324 0.036 9.022 *** 0.350 Established
H4b: ES→TBP 0.185 0.043 4.291 *** 0.190 Established
H5: WTP→TBP 0.406 0.057 7.094 *** 0.387 Established

*and *** denote significance at the 10% and 1% levels, respectively.