Table 3.
The age-adjusted equations for predicted values of the median (M), the variability around the median (S) and the skewness (L) for carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), Augmentation Index (AIx), forward wave amplitude (Pf), and backward wave amplitude (Pb) in females and males, extracted by LMS method.
| Variable | Sex | M (Median) | S (Variability around the Median) | L (Skewness) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cfPWV (m/sec) | Female | Exp (1.705 + 0.0073 * Age) | Exp (− 2.140 + 0.0074 * Age) | − 0.7200 |
| Male | Exp (1.769 + 0.0070 * Age) | Exp (− 2.046 + 0.0058 * Age) | − 0.6307 | |
| AIx1 (%) | Female | Exp (3.976 + 0.2266 * log (Age)) | Exp (− 1.273–0.3239 * log (Age)) | 1.6943 |
| Male | Exp (3.815 + 0.2485 * log (Age)) | Exp (− 1.025 − 0.3617 * log (Age)) | 1.0469 | |
| Pf (mmHg) | Female | Exp (2.980 + 0.00548 * Age) | Exp (− 1.576 + 0.0035 * Age) | 0.3488 |
| Male | Exp (3.133 + 0.0030 * Age) | Exp (− 1.382–0.0003* Age) | 0.1310 | |
| Pb (mmHg) | Female | Exp (1.998 + 0.0157 * Age) | Exp (− 1.371 + 0.0016 * Age) | 0.3678 |
| Male | Exp (2.078 + 0.01258 * Age) | Exp (− 1.200 − 0.0011* Age) | 0.1720 |
1AIx reference equations are extracted after shifting all values + 100 units to ensure all values of AIx are positive. y + 100 must be used instead of y in the formula of LMS for calculating z scores for AIx (Eq. 1).