Skip to main content
. 2024 Oct 4;15:8623. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-52829-x

Fig. 4. Nutritional S100a8 supply after birth promotes healthy development of intestinal immunity and gut microbiome under maternal malnutrition.

Fig. 4

a Experimental setup. Pups of MN dams were fed 5 µg of S100a8 within 24 h after birth (S100a8) or control treated with PBS (Ctrl). b Lcn-2 levels in fecal samples at d23 (MN: n = 10 mice, MN+S100a8: n = 6 mice). c–g Flow cytometric analysis of LPMCs isolated from the SI and LI at d7 (MN: n = 7, MN+S100a8: n = 10) and d23 (MN: n = 12, MN+S100a8: n = 11). c–e Proportions of PMNs at d7 from LPMCs (c) and Cx3cr1low LPMPs (d) and Cx3cr1hi LPMPs (e) at d23 from LPMPs. f Expression of MHC-II on Cx3cr1hi LPMPs (MFI). g Proportions of Tregs from LPMCs at d23. h Abundance of total bacteria cultivated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and of Enterobacteriaceae in fecal samples (LI plus cecum contents) collected at indicated time points from S100a8-treated and PBS-treated MN mice (d7: n = 7 each group, d23: MN: n = 15, MN+S100a8: n = 9). CFU, colony forming units. i LDA scores for relative bacterial abundances in d23 cecum contents with discriminative features >3.6 at phylum, class, family and genus levels between S100a8-supplemented versus not supplemented MN mice (n = 7-11 each group). j Relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridiaceae in d23 cecum content (n = 11 mice per group). Bars represent means ± SEM. Exact p-values are displayed, ns, not significant (two-tailed MWU-tests). Panel (a) was created in BioRender under license number BioRender.com/p20q301.