Table 2.
Results of multivariable logistic regression analysis of the development of depressive symptoms in subjects without depressive symptoms in 2017 (n = 3190).
| Percentage of subjects who developed depressive symptoms | Crude | Adjusted | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | OR | 95% CI | p‐value | AOR | 95% CI | p‐value | |||
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Women | 15 | 1.9 | 1.94 | 1.01 | 3.74 | 0.05 | 2.16 | 1.01 | 4.60 | 0.05 |
| Men | 23 | 1.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Age | 1.10 | 0.86 | 1.40 | 0.46 | 0.94 | 0.56 | 1.58 | 0.81 | ||
| Nationality | ||||||||||
| Foreign | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Japanese | 38 | 1.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Faculty | 0.36 | 0.53 | ||||||||
| Arts | 12 | 1.0 | 0.56 | 0.25 | 1.29 | 0.66 | 0.27 | 1.63 | ||
| Science | 15 | 1.1 | 0.65 | 0.30 | 1.41 | 1.00 | 0.40 | 2.50 | ||
| Medicine | 11 | 1.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Admission year | 0.23 | 0.59 | ||||||||
| 2017 | 18 | 0.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 2016 | 14 | 1.7 | 1.92 | 0.95 | 3.87 | 1.53 | 0.58 | 4.03 | ||
| 2015 | 2 | 1.0 | 1.11 | 0.25 | 4.80 | 0.71 | 0.07 | 7.66 | ||
| Before 2014 | 4 | 2.0 | 2.19 | 0.73 | 6.53 | 2.98 | 0.33 | 26.97 | ||
| BMI | 0.41 | 0.39 | ||||||||
| <18.5 | 5 | 1.0 | 0.88 | 0.33 | 2.29 | 0.81 | 0.31 | 2.16 | ||
| 18.5–24.9 | 26 | 1.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| ≥25 | 5 | 2.0 | 1.85 | 0.70 | 4.86 | 1.89 | 0.68 | 5.21 | ||
| SRH | ||||||||||
| Poor | 4 | 4.4 | 4.14 | 1.44 | 11.94 | 0.01 | 2.60 | 0.77 | 8.74 | 0.12 |
| Fair | 34 | 1.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Skipping breakfast | ||||||||||
| Yes | 12 | 1.6 | 1.46 | 0.73 | 2.91 | 0.28 | 1.02 | 0.45 | 2.35 | 0.96 |
| No | 26 | 1.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Lack of exercise | ||||||||||
| Yes | 13 | 1.3 | 1.17 | 0.59 | 2.29 | 0.65 | 0.76 | 0.36 | 1.60 | 0.47 |
| No | 25 | 1.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Poor satisfaction with sleep | ||||||||||
| Yes | 17 | 3.0 | 3.89 | 2.04 | 7.42 | 0.00 | 4.09 | 1.96 | 8.53 | <0.01 |
| No | 21 | 0.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Smoking | ||||||||||
| Yes | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 38 | 1.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Alcohol drinking | ||||||||||
| Yes | 5 | 0.9 | 0.69 | 0.27 | 1.77 | 0.43 | 0.37 | 0.11 | 1.24 | 0.11 |
| No | 33 | 1.3% | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Note: A series of logistic regression analyses to examine the association between unhealthy lifestyle factors at the baseline and the development of depressive symptoms at follow‐up. Adjusted for sex, age group, nationality, faculty, admission year, BMI, SRH, skipping breakfast, lack of exercise, poor satisfaction with sleep, smoking, and alcohol drinking.
Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; SRH, self‐rated health.