Table 4.

Challenges and solutions in CAP for skin disease treatment and skincare

Challenge	Elaboration	Possible solutions	References
1. Lack of standardization	The absence of standardized protocols in CAP applications for skin diseases hinders reproducibility and efficacy assessment	Establish standardized treatment guidelines and parameters for CAP applications, considering variations in devices and conditions	[43]
2. Safety concerns	Safety aspects, including potential risks and adverse effects, require thorough examination for wider clinical adoption	Conduct comprehensive safety analyses, identify potential risks, and propose mitigation measures to ensure the safe application of CAP	[188]
3. Variable patient response	Variability in individual patient responses to CAP treatment challenges personalized medicine approaches	Implement personalized treatment plans by considering patient-specific factors, such as skin type, medical history, and genetic factors	[189]
4. Optimizing treatment duration	Determining the optimal duration of CAP treatment to balance effectiveness and patient comfort is challenging	Conduct controlled trials to identify the most effective treatment durations for specific skin diseases while minimizing potential discomfort	[53]
5. Understanding mechanisms of action	Limited understanding of the precise mechanisms underlying CAP’s therapeutic effects impedes optimization	Invest in comprehensive research to elucidate CAP action’s molecular and cellular mechanisms in skin disease treatment	[4]
6. Integration with standard therapies	Integrating CAP into existing standard skincare and dermatological therapies poses integration challenges	Explore synergistic effects with traditional therapies and optimize combination treatment strategies for enhanced efficacy	[190]
7. Cost of treatment	The potential high cost of CAP devices and treatments may limit accessibility for some patients	Foster research and development to create cost-effective CAP devices and treatment modalities without compromising efficacy	[3, 5]
8. Long-term effects and sustainability	Understanding the long-term effects of repeated CAP treatments and ensuring sustainability is crucial	Conduct longitudinal studies to assess the long-term effects and establish sustainable practices in CAP therapy	[1]