| Key Terms |
Definition |
| Limited English proficiency (LEP) |
Individuals who have a limited ability to communicate effectively in the English language, whether it be speaking, writing, or reading. In the context of our review, we refer to LEP in spoken communication. It is important to note that LEP is not indicative of a person’s intelligence or capabilities, but rather reflects their current proficiency in the English language. |
| Spanish-speaking Populations |
Those whose chosen language of communication is Spanish. This includes native, monolingual and multilingual speakers, multiple ethnic groups and a wide range of cultures. |
| Ad hoc interpreters |
Individuals who provide interpretation services on an informal or spontaneous basis, without formal training or qualifications as professional interpreters. These individuals may include family members, friends, bilingual staff members, or volunteers who happen to be available at the time of need. |
| Language concordance |
When a healthcare provider and a patient share the same primary language or effectively communicate with each other in a common language. |
| Health disparities |
Preventable differences existing among socially disadvantaged populations in the burden of disease, injury, or healthcare access. |
| Health literacy |
The ability to comprehend and analyze information and instructions related to medical care. This may include interpreting written text, symbols, charts, or diagrams. Limited health literacy can affect people of all ages, races, incomes, and education statuses; however, it disproportionately impacts lower socioeconomic groups. |
| Hispanic |
Heritage, nationality, lineage, or country of birth or the birth of one’s parents or ancestors originating from Spain. Those who identify as “Hispanic” may be of any race. |
| Latino |
Heritage, nationality, lineage, or country of birth or the birth of one’s parents or ancestors originating from Latin America, such as Cuba, Mexico, Puerto Rico, South America, or Central America. |
| Fluency |
The flow of an individual’s speech, stemming from the Latin word “fluere,” meaning “to flow.” The speech follows a rhythm and does not contain inappropriate stops within sentences spoken. |
| Proficiency |
An individual’s ability and comfort in using a language spontaneously and without rehearsal at a given time. |
| Spanish fluency |
Fluency in the Spanish language. |
