Table 2.
Multivariate analysis of factors associated with HIV late diagnosis in all participants and in different age groups. OR, odds ratio, CI, confidence interval, VCT, HIV voluntary counseling and testing, ref, reference.
| Characteristics | Total (N = 22,504) | < 50 yrs (N = 9,241) | ≥ 50 yrs (N = 13,263) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) |
|
OR (95% CI) |
|
OR (95% CI) |
|
|
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Male | 1.178 (1.095–1.268) | < 0.001 | 1.291(1.124–1.483) | < 0.001 | 1.184(1.086–1.291) | < 0.001 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Han | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Ethnic minorities | 0.887 (0.787–0.999) | 0.049 | 0.858 (0.724–1.018) | 0.079 | 0.917 (0.775–1.085) | 0.312 |
| Education level | ||||||
| College or higher | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Senior high school | 0.976 (0.880–1.083) | 0.646 | 0.932 (0.832–1.045) | 0.231 | 0.987 (0.751–1.297) | 0.925 |
| Junior high school | 1.022 (0.919–1.136) | 0.688 | 1.129 (0.997–1.280) | 0.056 | 0.898 (0.697–1.158) | 0.407 |
| Primary school or lower | 1.033 (0.918–1.162) | 0.590 | 1.427 (1.174–1.736) | < 0.001 | 0.911 (0.706–1.174) | 0.470 |
| Employment status | ||||||
| Studying | Ref | Ref | / | / | ||
| Working | 1.176 (0.981–1.409) | 0.079 | 1.592 (1.350–1.877) | < 0.001 | Ref | |
| Non-working | 1.117 (0.929–1.344) | 0.238 | 1.302 (1.090–1.556) | 0.004 | 1.034 (0.922–1.160) | 0.565 |
| Other | 1.218 (1.001–1.483) | 0.049 | 1.532 (1.272–1.846) | < 0.001 | 1.152 (0.926–1.434) | 0.205 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Unmarried | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Married | 0.971 (0.878–1.074) | 0.566 | 1.252 (1.112–1.410) | < 0.001 | 0.935 (0.787–1.110) | 0.442 |
| Divorced or widowed | 0.997 (0.896–1.111) | 0.962 | 1.339 (1.161–1.544) | < 0.001 | 0.972 (0.815–1.158) | 0.748 |
| Registered region | ||||||
| Central Hunan | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Northern Hunan | 1.041 (0.956–1.134) | 0.358 | 0.848 (0.745–0.964) | 0.012 | 1.214 (1.082–1.364) | 0.001 |
| Southern Hunan | 1.101 (1.022–1.186) | 0.012 | 1.062 (0.936–1.205) | 0.350 | 1.162 (1.058–1.276) | 0.002 |
| Western Hunan | 1.544 (1.386–1.720) | < 0.001 | 1.335 (1.133–1.573) | 0.001 | 1.717 (1.486–1.983) | < 0.001 |
| Mode of HIV acquisition | ||||||
| Homosexual contact | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Heterosexual contact | 1.153 (1.049–1.266) | 0.003 | 1.208 (1.082–1.349) | 0.001 | 1.254 (1.025–1.534) | 0.028 |
| Blood contact | 0.752 (0.553–1.023) | 0.070 | 0.689 (0.451–1.052) | 0.085 | 1.025 (0.636–1.652) | 0.920 |
| Other | 1.314 (1.165–1.482) | < 0.001 | 1.197 (1.029–1.393) | 0.020 | 1.567 (1.239–1.982) | < 0.001 |
| Sample sources | ||||||
| VCT | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Health facilities | 1.364 (1.278–1.455) | < 0.001 | 1.542 (1.401–1.697) | < 0.001 | 1.239 (1.133–1.355) | < 0.001 |
| Investigation | 1.020 (0.873–1.192) | 0.800 | 1.056 (0.786–1.419) | 0.716 | 0.977 (0.811–1.177) | 0.806 |
| Other | 0.917 (0.761–1.105) | 0.363 | 0.970 (0.774–1.217) | 0.794 | 0.906 (0.648–1.266) | 0.563 |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 16–25 | Ref | |||||
| 26–35 | 1.357 (1.188–1.551) | < 0.001 | ||||
| 36–49 | 2.159 (1.857–2.510) | < 0.001 | ||||
| ≥ 50 | 2.225 (1.901–2.604) | < 0.001 | ||||