. 2024 Oct 5;10:186. doi: 10.1038/s41531-024-00791-2

Table 1.

presents information on how specific genes (SNCA, PRKN, PINK1, LRRK2, PARK7) are influenced by miRNAs, detailing how these miRNAs regulate their expression, the mechanisms involved, and the experimental proof supporting their involvement in PD pathogenesis

Target	miRNA	Expression regulation	Mechanism	Experimental evidence
SNCA	miR-7^{117,129–131}	Downregulation	Inhibits translation	Patients with PD have reduced expression in SNpc of Over-expression of miR-7 reduces SNCA mRNA and protein levels
	miR-153^129–132	Upregulation	Degrades mRNA	Over-expression of miR-153 reduces SNCA mRNA and protein levels
	miR-203a-3p¹³³	Downregulation	Treatment with MMP+ resulted in decreased cell proliferation and triggered apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cells.	Downregulation in MMP + -treated SH-SY5Y cells Leading to expression of SNCA, p53, and cleaved Caspase-3 proteins
PRKN	miR-103a-3p¹³⁴	Upregulation	Binds to 3′-UTR of Parkin mRNA	Over-expression decreases Parkin protein expression
	miR-146a¹³⁵	Upregulation	Downregulates Parkin	Upregulation leads to Parkin downregulation
	miR-181a¹³⁶	Upregulation	Downregulates Parkin	Over-expression decreases Parkin mRNA and protein levels
	miR-218¹³⁷	Downregulation	Downregulates Parkin	Over-expression decreases Parkin’s expression
PINK1	miR-27a/b^138–140	Upregulation	Downregulates PINK1	Inhibits PINK1 expression by binding to 3′ UTR
LRRK2	miR-205^131,141	Downregulation	Downregulates LRRK2	Reduced expression in PD patients Over-expression decreases LRRK2
	miR-599¹⁴²	Downregulation	Downregulates LRRK2	Reduced expression in PD models; Over-expression decreases LRRK2
PARK7	miR-494^143,144	Upregulation	Downregulates DJ-1	Binds to 3′ UTR, decreases DJ-1 expression
	miR-4639-5p¹⁴⁵	Upregulation	Downregulates DJ-1	Negatively regulates DJ-1 post-transcriptionally

SNCA Alpha-synuclein gene, miRNA MicroRNA, PRKN Parkin gene, PINK1 PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 gene, LRRK2 Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene, PARK7 Protein deglycase DJ-1 gene, MMP+ 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, SH-SY5Y Human dopaminergic neuroblastoma cell line, NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells.