Table 2.
Illustrates the effect of coconut/ coir and bamboo fiber on tribological and mechanical properties of braking pads.
| Friction Composite | T-M/St | COF | WR | WR Unit | T-M/St | Hardness | T-M/St | P% | T-M/St | Compressive Strength/ Compressibility | TC/ TR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coconut fiber/ PR 43–45 | – | FWt↑ → COF ↑ | FWt↑ → WR↓ | g | – | FWt ↑ → HRS↑ | – | FWt ↑→ P% ↓ | – | – | – |
| Pin on the disc | – | FWt↑ → WR↓ | mm, g | – | – | – | FWt ↑→ P% ↓ | – | – | – | |
| – | – | – | – |
HRC B scale. E N ISO 6508-1 |
FWt ↑ → HRC↓ Except S1 | – | – | – | – | – | |
| – | – | – | – | FWt ↑ → HRC↓ Except S1 | – | – | – | – | |||
| Coir fiber/ PR 46,47 | Chase test | – | FWt↑ → WR↑ | Wt. loss% |
HRS S scale. MS 474 |
FWt ↑ → HRS↓ Except S1 |
Tensiometer JIS D4428 |
FWt ↑→ P% ↓ up to certain point then ↑ | UTM | Almost the same | – |
|
Krauss machine |
– | FWt↑ → WR↑ | g, mm |
HRR R scale. ASTM D785 |
FWt ↑, Slag waste↓→ HRR↓ | JIS D4428 | FWt ↑, Slag waste↓→ P%↑ | FWt ↑, Slag waste↓→ Compressibility↑ | – | ||
| Coconut fiber/ wood powder 48,49 | Test rig | – | FWt↑ → WR↓ | g |
VHN ASTM E92 |
FWt ↑ → VHN↓ | – | – | – | – | – |
| – | – | – | – | FWt ↑ → VHN↓ | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Coconut fiber/ ER50,51 | Pin on disk/ASTM D 1894–001, ASTM G 99-95a. | COF = 0.41 < commercial pad (0.43) | 2.99 × 10− 7 > commercial pad (1.77 × 10− 7) | cm3/Nm |
Shore D durometer. ASTM F1957-99 |
97.27 HD < commercial 99.05HD) | IS0 15,484 | 19.72% > commercial (11.89%) | – | – | |
| Pin on disk/ASTM G 99-95a. | No trend | Mgo↓, Al2O3↑→ WR↑ | mm3/N.mm |
HRB ASTM E18-15 |
Mgo↓, Al2O3↑→HRB↓ Except S1 |
– | – | Stress simulation (FEA) | Mgo↓, Al2O3↑→σ ↑ | Mgo↓, Al2O3↑→TR↓ | |
| Bamboo fiber/ ER51,52 | Pin on Disk/ASTM G 99-95a | No trend | Mgo↓, Al2O3↑→ WR↑ | – | – |
Mgo↓, Al2O3↑→HRB↓ Except S1 |
– | – | Mgo↓, Al2O3↑→σ ↓ | Mgo↓, Al2O3↑→TR ↑ | |
| ASTM D3702-94 | – | FWt↑ → WR↑ | g/mm2.s |
HRR ASTM D785-03 |
FWt ↑ →HRR↑ | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Bamboo fiber/ PR53 | Speed friction tester | FWt↑ → COF↓ | FWt↑ → WR↑ | µm3/ (N-µm) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
↑ increasing, ↓ decreasing, FWt fiber weight, HRB rockwell hardness B scale, HRR rockwell hardness R scale, UTM universal testing machine, HRC rockwell hardness, VHN vicker hardness, HRB rockwell hardness B scale, HRR rockwell hardness R scale, HRS rockwell hardness S, HD shore hardness scale D.