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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychol. 2024 Feb 15;60(4):747–763. doi: 10.1037/dev0001694

Table 1.

Descriptive statistics

Range
n Missing (%) M SD Min Max
Child anxiety and depressive symptoms
 4.5 years 427 24% 1.91 1.60 0 10.00
 11 years 407 27% 3.18 3.21 0 15.00
AP1 (mostly mothers) anxiety symptoms
 9 months 546 3% 3.74 3.58 0 21.00
 18 months 513 9% 3.43 3.59 0 28.00
 27 months 522 7% 3.46 4.02 0 31.00
 4.5 years (BAI-Cohort I) 297 18% 5.01 4.72 0 27.00
 4.5 years (STAI-Cohort II) 147 26% 34.64 9.09 21.00 69.00
 6 years 444 21% 34.79 8.94 20.00 71.00
 7 years 344 39% 34.59 8.39 20.00 72.00
 8 years (Cohort I only) 237 58% 34.34 8.68 20.00 68.00
 11 years 392 30% 33.39 8.62 20.00 64.00
AP1 (mostly mothers) depressive symptoms
 9 months 546 3% 3.63 3.30 0 17.00
 18 months 512 9% 3.86 3.92 0 25.00
 27 months 522 7% 3.89 4.19 0 30.00
 4.5 years (BDI-Cohort I) 297 18% 4.48 4.38 0 28.00
 4.5 years (CES-D-Cohort II) 147 26% 6.58 6.30 0 35.00
 6 years 444 21% 7.21 7.58 0 52.00
 7 years 447 20% 7.30 7.29 0 50.00
 8 years (Cohort I only) 240 57% 7.55 7.22 0 54.00
 11 years 390 30% 7.12 6.66 0 38.00
AP2 (mostly fathers) anxiety symptoms
 9 months 519 7% 3.02 3.14 0 19.00
 18 months 491 12% 2.31 3.13 0 23.00
 27 months 492 12% 2.28 3.20 0 30.00
 4.5 years (BAI-Cohort I) 283 22% 3.25 4.04 0 28.00
 4.5 years (STAI-Cohort II) 133 33% 34.03 8.32 20.00 58.00
 6 years 405 28% 32.90 8.47 20.00 59.00
 7 years 299 47% 33.17 8.56 20.00 57.00
 8 years (Cohort I only) 189 66% 32.33 9.18 20.00 62.00
 11 years 336 40% 31.25 8.37 20.00 62.00
AP2 (mostly fathers) depressive symptoms
 9 months 519 7% 3.02 3.22 0 27.37
 18 months 487 13% 2.96 3.44 0 22.00
 27 months 491 12% 2.88 3.82 0 41.00
 4.5 years (BDI-Cohort I) 284 21% 3.67 4.67 0 39.00
 4.5 years (CES-D-Cohort II) 133 33% 6.50 6.06 0 29.00
 6 years 408 27% 6.44 5.97 0 29.00
 7 years 391 30% 6.17 6.05 0 28.00
 8 years (Cohort I only) 193 66% 6.46 6.33 0 38.00
 11 years 335 40% 6.16 5.89 0 30.00
BP internalizing (genetic influences) 551 2% 0 1.64 −4.06 9.14
BM internalizing during pregnancy 539 4 % 0 1.00 −1.23 3.41

Note. BP = birth parents, BM = birth mother, AP = adoptive parents. BAI = Beck Anxiety Inventory, STAI = State Trait Anxiety Inventory, BDI = Beck Depression Inventory, CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. BP internalizing (genetic influences) and BM internalizing during pregnancy are standardized scores. AP and child anxiety and depressive symptoms are raw scores, although standardized scores for AP symptoms are used in analyses. AP anxiety symptoms are measured by BAI (possible range from 0–63) prior to 4.5 years, measured by STAI (possible range from 20–80) after 4.5 years. AP depressive symptoms are measured by BDI (possible range from 0–60) prior to 4.5 years, measured by CES-D (possible range from 0–60) after 4.5 years.