Table 1.
DNA methylation and multiple sclerosis.
| Gene/ protein |
Function | Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| TET 2 | Contributing to the epigenetic dysregulation in MS pathology | Regulating the promoter regions of TET2 | (134) |
| HLA-DBR1*15:01 | A genetic risk factor for MS | Key for antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells | (235) |
| HLA-DRB1*07:01 | Increasing MS risk | Affecting CD4+ T cell activation | (236) |
| HLA-DRB1 *11 | Affecting MS susceptibility | Influencing antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells and immune response | (236) |
| Foxp3 | Exacerbating MS progression | Hypermethylation of the Foxp3 gene promoter in T cells, impairing Treg cell function | (237) |
| ATXN1 | Contributing to MS pathogenesis | Hypomethylation of the ATXN1 gene in B cells | (124) |