Table 3.

DNA methylation and Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Gene/ protein	Function	Mechanism	Reference
SNCA	Contributing to PD pathology	Increasing accumulation of α-synuclein and ROS production, affecting dopaminergic neuron function	(193)
TMCC2	Contributing to PD pathology	Forming complexes with APOE and APP, regulating to Braak Lewy body staging	(189)
SLC7A11	A biological target in PD	Transporting cystine and glutamate, disrupting glutathione levels and increasing oxidative stress	(190)
HOTAIR	Promoting neurodegeneration in PD	Influencing ERK1/2 signaling	(191)
PARK7	Protecting cells from oxidative stress in PD	Impairing antioxidant function and resulting in dopaminergic neuron loss	(192)
SLC17A6	Transporting glutamate in PD	Altering neurotransmitter release and vesicular transport	(192)
PTPRN2	Protecting from PD	Impacting the function of insulin signaling-related proteins	(192)
NR4A2	Protecting from PD	Affecting the development and function of dopaminergic neurons	(192)