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. 2024 Oct 6;14:23247. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-73930-7

Table 1.

Attrition bias and summary for characteristics of children, parents, and households by year.

Variables 2012 2014 2016 2018
No. 1042 777 541 409
Children’s characteristics
 Age in 2012, median (IQR) 13.00 (11.00,15.00) 13.00 (11.00,15.00) 13.00 (11.00,15.00) 13.00 (11.00,15.00)
 Sex (Female), No. (%) 537 (51.5) 386 (49.7) 262 (48.4) 197 (48.2)
Parents’ characteristics
 Maternal age in 2012, median (IQR) 39.00 (36.00,42.00) 39.00 (36.00,42.00) 39.00 (36.00,42.00) 39.00 (36.00,41.75)
 Paternal age in 2012, median (IQR) 40.50 (38.00,44.00) 40.00 (38.00,44.00) 40.00 (38.00,43.50) 40.00 (38.00,44.00)
 Lived together with the father ≥ 8 months, 2012, No. (%) 552 (55.3) 429 (57.4) 307 (59.2) 245 (62.3)
 Lived together with the mother ≥ 8 months, 2012, No. (%) 672 (67.3) 517 (69.1) 369 (71.1) 294 (74.8)
 Father had symptoms of depression in 2012, No. (%) 201 (25.4) 146 (24.0) 104 (24.2) 71 (21.6)
 Mother had symptoms of depression in 2012, No. (%) 317 (36.4) 228 (34.5) 163 (34.7) 115 (32.8)
 Father had a job in 2012, No. (%) 694 (77.5) 531 (77.3) 351 (74.2) 280 (77.1)
 Mother had a job in 2012, No. (%) 609 (65.7) 469 (66.7) 315 (63.8) 242 (65.4)
Household characteristics
 Lived in urban areas in 2012, No. (%) 438 (42.3) 330 (42.7) 227 (42.1) 190 (46.7)
 Household size in 2012, median (IQR) 4.00 (4.00,6.00) 4.00 (4.00,6.00) 4.00 (4.00,6.00) 4.00 (4.00,5.00)
 Mathematics test scores, median (IQR) 9.00 (7.00,13.00) 15.00 (10.00,17.00) 12.00 (8.00,13.00) 17.00 (14.00,23.00)

IQR, interquartile range.