Table 2.

Distribution of cognitive dysfunctions, behavioral patterns, movement abnormalities, radiological characteristics, and genetic associations among ALD cases.

Cognitive impairment		Behavioral changes		Movement disorders		Radiology		Genetic study
Posterior predominant	66.7%	Inappropriate laughter/smiling	25%	Tics and stereotypies	33.3%	Parieto-occipito-temporal WMH	75%	Missense variations (exons 1, 7, and 9)
Anterior predominant	22.2%	Anger/Aggression	16.7%	Dystonia	25%
		Apathy	16.7%	Ataxia	16.7%
Global	11.1%	Hyperorality	8.3%
		OCD	8.3%			Frontal WMH	16.7%	Nonsense variation (exon 10)
		ASD/ICD/Addictions	8.3%
		Paranoid delusions	8.3%
		Auditory/Visual hallucinations	8.3%
						WMH along CST	8.3%	3′ splice site variation (intron 7)
						Cerebellar	16.7%	Deletions (exon 1 and 10)
(Represents the initial pattern at presentation among CALD subjects)		(Represents patterns among all ALD subjects)

OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; ICD, impulse control disorder; WMH, white matter hyperintensity; CST, corticospinal tract.