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. 2024 Oct 7;30(10):e70077. doi: 10.1111/srt.70077

TABLE 3.

Prevalence of dysmorphic findings in DS group.

Dysmorphic finding

Female (%)

(n = 54)

Male (%)

(n = 46)

Total (%)

(n = 100)

p value
Epicanthal fold 97.8 96.3 97.0 >0.05
Upslanted palpebral fissures 100.0 94.4 97.0
Brachycephaly 84.8 96.3 91.0 0.045
Single transverse palmar crease 91.3 87.0 89.0 >0.05
Flat nasal bridge 76.1 81.5 79.0 >0.05
Dysplastic ear 73.9 75.9 75.0 >0.05
Protruding tongue 71.7 72.2 72.0 >0.05
Small nose 65.2 57.4 61.0 >0.05
Sandal gap 43.5 72.2 59.0 0.004
Small ear 58.7 53.7 56.0 >0.05
Short broad neck 47.8 55.6 52.0 >0.05
Protruding abdomen 56.5 46.3 51.0 >0.05
Clinodactyly 45.7 50.0 48.0 >0.05
Small mouth 47.8 42.6 45.0 >0.05
Fissured tongue 43.5 35.2 39.0 >0.05
Flat nipple 21.7 25.9 24.0 >0.05
Increased nuchal skin fold 10.9 11.1 11.0 >0.05
Strabismus 13.0 5.6 9.0 >0.05
Refractive errors 4.3 3.7 4.0 >0.05
Umbilical hernia 4.3 1.9 3.0 >0.05

Abbreviation: DS, Down syndrome.

Significant differences were found in brachycephaly and sandal gap, both more prevalent in males, while other dysmorphic features were uniformly distributed across genders, reflecting the consistent presentation within the DS population.

Bold values statistically significant parameters less than p < 0.05.

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