TABLE 3.
Dysmorphic finding |
Female (%) (n = 54) |
Male (%) (n = 46) |
Total (%) (n = 100) |
p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Epicanthal fold | 97.8 | 96.3 | 97.0 | >0.05 |
Upslanted palpebral fissures | 100.0 | 94.4 | 97.0 | — |
Brachycephaly | 84.8 | 96.3 | 91.0 | 0.045 |
Single transverse palmar crease | 91.3 | 87.0 | 89.0 | >0.05 |
Flat nasal bridge | 76.1 | 81.5 | 79.0 | >0.05 |
Dysplastic ear | 73.9 | 75.9 | 75.0 | >0.05 |
Protruding tongue | 71.7 | 72.2 | 72.0 | >0.05 |
Small nose | 65.2 | 57.4 | 61.0 | >0.05 |
Sandal gap | 43.5 | 72.2 | 59.0 | 0.004 |
Small ear | 58.7 | 53.7 | 56.0 | >0.05 |
Short broad neck | 47.8 | 55.6 | 52.0 | >0.05 |
Protruding abdomen | 56.5 | 46.3 | 51.0 | >0.05 |
Clinodactyly | 45.7 | 50.0 | 48.0 | >0.05 |
Small mouth | 47.8 | 42.6 | 45.0 | >0.05 |
Fissured tongue | 43.5 | 35.2 | 39.0 | >0.05 |
Flat nipple | 21.7 | 25.9 | 24.0 | >0.05 |
Increased nuchal skin fold | 10.9 | 11.1 | 11.0 | >0.05 |
Strabismus | 13.0 | 5.6 | 9.0 | >0.05 |
Refractive errors | 4.3 | 3.7 | 4.0 | >0.05 |
Umbilical hernia | 4.3 | 1.9 | 3.0 | >0.05 |
Abbreviation: DS, Down syndrome.
Significant differences were found in brachycephaly and sandal gap, both more prevalent in males, while other dysmorphic features were uniformly distributed across genders, reflecting the consistent presentation within the DS population.
Bold values statistically significant parameters less than p < 0.05.