TABLE 4.
Prevalence of dermatological findings in DS and control groups.
| Dermatological finding | DS group (%) | Control group (%) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Xerosis cutis | 49 | 3 | <0.0001 |
| Thin and sparse hair | 48 | 0 | — |
| Dental caries | 34 | 0 | — |
| Delayed tooth eruption | 28 | 1 | <0.0001 |
| Nail dystrophy | 25 | 0 | — |
| Fissured tongue | 23 | 2 | <0.001 |
| Cheilitis | 18 | 0 | — |
| Scabies | 4 | 18 | 0.002 |
| Bacterial infections | 11 | 1 | 0.003 |
| Fungal infections | 10 | 6 | >0,05 |
| Café au lait macules | 15 | 4 | 0.0008 |
| Alopecia areata | 3 | 7 | >0.05 |
| Acanthosis nigricans | 3 | 1 | >0.05 |
| Seborrheic dermatitis | 6 | 7 | >0.05 |
| Acne vulgaris | 4 | 7 | >0.05 |
| Fungal infections | 10 | 6 | >0.05 |
| Viral infections | 3 | 7 | >0.05 |
| Vitiligo | 3 | 6 | >0.05 |
| Atopic dermatitis | 6 | 3 | >0.05 |
| Cutis marmorata, livedo reticularis, and acrocyanosis | 17 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Tooth anomalies | 22 | 0 | — |
| Hemangioma | 6 | 3 | >0.05 |
|
Congenital temporal Triangular alopecia |
7 | 0 | — |
Note: Conditions with nonsignificant p values or marked with “−” were not statistically significant, likely due to similar occurrence rates in both groups or limitations in sample size. Regular dermatological evaluations are essential for managing these distinct skin health issues in individuals with DS.
Note: p values < 0.05 indicate significant differences between the DS group and controls, while p values > 0.05 suggest no significant difference or potential sample size limitations. “‐” indicates no statistical analysis was performed.
Abbreviation: DS, Down syndrome.
Notable dermatological differences between individuals with DS and controls include a significantly higher prevalence of xerosis cutis, delayed tooth eruption, fissured tongue, and CALM in the DS group, as indicated by their p values. Marked disparities are also evident in the rates of bacterial infections and scabies.
Bold values statistically significant parameters less than p < 0.05.