Table 2.
Sex-specific associations between MDD subtypes and obesity-related traits
| MDD lifetime vs. no MDDβ (95%-CI) | MDDS vs. no MDDβ (95%-CI) | MDDR vs. no MDDβ (95%-CI) | MDDR vs. MDDSβ (95%-CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||
| Body weight (kg) | 0.76 (−1.29; 2.82) | −0.49 (−3.43; 2.45) | 1.71 (−0.88; 4.30) | 2.20 (−1.48; 5.87) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.14 (−0.47; 0.74) | 0.06 (−0.81; 0.92) | 0.20 (−0.56; 0.96) | 0.14 (−0.94; 1.22) |
| WC (cm) | 0.87 (−0.71; 2.45) | 0.72 (−1.54; 2.98) | 0.99 (−1.01; 2.98) | 0.27 (−2.56; 3.10) |
| HC (cm) | 0.08 (−1.10; 1.27) | −0.09 (−1.79; 1.61) | 0.21 (−1.28; 1.71) | 0.30 (−1.82; 2.43) |
| WHR | 0.77 (−0.11; 1.65) | 0.86 (−0.39; 2.11) | 0.70 (−0.40; 1.81) | −0.16 (−1.72; 1.41) |
| WHtR | 0.37 (−0.53; 1.27) | 0.62 (−0.66; 1.90) | 0.19 (−0.94; 1.31) | −0.43 (−2.03; 1.17) |
| Fat mass (kg) | 0.32 (−0.78; 1.42) | −0.58 (−2.16; 1.00) | 1.14 (−0.24; 2.52) | 1.60 (−0.38; 3.58) |
| Fat-free mass (kg) | −0.21 (−1.17; 0.74) | −0.01 (−1.38; 1.35) | −0.36 (−1.57; 0.84) | −0.35 (−2.06; 1.37) |
| SAT (L) | 0.90 (0.31; 1.50)** | 0.89 (0.08; 1.69)* | 0.92 (0.16; 1.69)* | 0.04 (−0.99; 1.07) |
| VAT(L) | 0.54 (0.03; 1.04)* | 0.58 (−0.11; 1.26) | 0.50 (−0.15; 1.16) | −0.07 (−0.96; 0.81) |
| Women | ||||
| Body weight (kg) | 1.28 (−0.33; 2.90) | −2.32 (−4.90; 0.27) | 2.94 (1.06; 4.83)** | 5.26 (2.27; 8.27)** |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.21 (−0.37; 0.79) | −1.29 (−2.21; −0.36)** | 0.91 (0.23; 1.58)** | 2.19 (1.12; 3.26)*** |
| WC (cm) | 0.49 (−0.85; 1.82) | −3.49 (−5.62; −1.35)** | 2.33 (0.77; 3.89)** | 5.82 (3.35; 8.29)*** |
| HC (cm) | 0.70 (−0.52; 1.94) | −1.85 (−3.81; 0.11) | 1.87 (0.44; 3.30)* | 3.72 (1.45; 5.99)** |
| WHR | −0.09 (−0.76; 0.59) | −1.88 (−2.94; −0.80)** | 0.76 (−0.02; 1.54) | 2.64 (1.40; 3.88)*** |
| WHtR | 0.06 (−0.78; 0.90) | −2.49 (−3.83; −1.16)*** | 1.25 (0.27; 2.22)* | 3.75 (2.20; 5.29)*** |
| Fat mass (kg) | 0.77 (−0.34; 1.88) | −1.75 (−3.51; 0.02) | 2.87 (1.72; 4.02)** | 3.85 (1.80; 5.90)*** |
| Fat-free mass (kg) | −0.11 (−0.32; 0.54) | 0.07 (−0.61; 0.75) | 0.11 (−0.39; 0.61) | 0.04 (−0.75; 0.83) |
| SAT (L) | 0.26 (−0.33; 0.86) | −0.65 (−1.56; 0.26) | 0.78 (0.07; 1.49)* | 1.43 (0.35; 2.51)* |
| VAT(L) | 0.15 (−0.10; 0.41) | −0.30 (−0.69; 0.10) | 0.41 (0.10; 0.72)** | 0.71 (0.24; 1.17)** |
Abbreviations: BDI-2, Beck Depression Inventory 2; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HC, hip circumference; MDD, major depressive disorder; MDDR, recurrent MDD; MDDS, single episode MDD; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; WHtR, Waist-to-height ratio.
Note: β coefficients are derived from sex-stratified linear regression models adjusted for age, education, and current depressive symptoms (BDI-2). Models for fat-free mass as outcome are further adjusted for fat mass.
β coefficients marked in bold are significant at *p<0.05, **p<.01, ***p<.001, respectively.