Fig. 3.

APEX1 mitigates TNF-α/IL-17-induced cell migration in RA FLS. A) RA FLS were subjected to a scratch assay, and migrated cells were photographed after stimulation with TNF-α (10 ng/ml)/IL-17 (10 ng/ml) alone or in combination with recombinant APEX1 (1, 10, and 100 ng/ml) for 24 h. Data represent one median experiment (upper panel), with fold change of wounding area compared to the 0 h time point (lower panel). Each symbol represents an individual donor (n = 5), and bars represent means. Statistical analysis between TNF-α/IL-17 and TNF-α/IL-17/APEX1 was performed using the paired Student’s t-test. *p < 0.05. B) RA FLS were incubated with TNF-α/IL-17 alone or with recombinant APEX1 for 24 h, and cell migration was assessed using a Transwell chamber with crystal violet staining. Data representing one median experiment, with fold change of the optical density, are displayed in Supplementary Fig. 2 (n = 5) C) Culture supernatants of RA FLS were analyzed to measure secreted levels of IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF. Results are expressed as the mean ± SD of five independent donors. Statistical analysis between TNF-α/IL-17 and TNF-α/IL-17/APEX1 was performed using the paired Student’s t-test. *p < 0.05