TABLE 3.

Sensitivity analysis, publication bias analysis, and GRADE assessment of the level of evidence.

Fitness attributes	Combined effect after excluding individual studies			Publication bias	GRADE
	SMD	P	I2	Egger’s
Lower limb strength	0.00∼0.13	0.17∼0.97	7%∼36%	0.607	Low 1 , 3
Jumping ability	0.64∼0.70	<0.001 ∼ <0.001	36%∼55%	0.909	Low 1 , 2
Linear sprinting	0.52∼0.66	<0.001 ∼ <0.001	36%∼64%	0.413	Very low 1 , 2 , 3
COD speed	0.60∼0.77	<0.001∼0.001	32%∼49%	0.396	Low 1 , 3
Balance ability	0.97∼1.70	<0.001∼0.01	62%∼90%	0.526	Very low 1 , 2 , 3

Note: GRADE, Criteria for Downgrading Evidence Quality.

¹ Risk of Bias.

² Inconsistency.

³ Imprecision.

Abbreviations: SMD, standardized mean difference; COD, change of direction.