Fig. 2. Two distinct microbiome types in A. thaliana along a latitudinal cline.

a,b, Ordination on a Hellinger transformation of the samples. Arabidopsis thaliana leaf microbiomes are significantly differentiated from that of surrounding soil (a) and less so, but still significantly, from surrounding crucifers (Brassicaceae) (b). c,d, k-means clustering (k = 2) (c) identified two microbiome types that turned out to have a north–south latitudinal cline (d). e, Distribution of higher taxonomic levels across the southern and northern clusters. f, Comparison of extent of seasonal variation in south-west Germany (winter and spring) with the European geographic variation (clusters 1 and 2). g, Absence of correlation in fold changes (FCs) in phylotype abundance between the northern and southern clusters (y axis) and between the winter and spring samples from south-western Germany (x axis). Colour indicates association with the two north–south clusters 1 and 2.