Table 2.
Average (and standard deviation) of dependent and control variables by model of healthcare system
| 2000 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|
| Average length of stay (days) | ||
| Overall | 9.20 (2.15) | 7.24 (1.51) |
| NHS | 8.49 (1.95) | 6.59 (1.28) |
| SHI | 10.51 (1.77) | 8.31 (0.92) |
| ESH | 9.34 (2.40) | 7.45 (1.73) |
| GDP per capita (thousand €) | ||
| Overall | 27.19 (17.04) | 34.38 (19.12) |
| NHS | 30.89 (12.67) | 38.21 (16.45) |
| SHI | 39.84 (22.76) | 48.24 (24.85) |
| ESH | 15.64 (11.94) | 22.01 (11.42) |
| GP per 100,000 | ||
| Overall | 90.57 (38.86) | 102.81 (53.07) |
| NHS | 99.07 (41.61) | 111.24 (68.45) |
| SHI | 79.97 (36.30) | 104.38 (31.92) |
| ESH | 86.08 (38.92) | 91.65 (42.95) |
| Educational level (%) | ||
| Overall | 20.94 (7.04) | 30.26 (7.24) |
| NHS | 20.66 (7.53) | 32.23 (7.62) |
| SHI | 24.66 (8.62) | 32.04 (6.12) |
| ESH | 19.22 (5.33) | 26.88 (6.76) |
| Chronic morbidity (%) | ||
| Overall | 32.38 (5.59) | 34.69 (7.37) |
| NHS | 29.94 (5.01) | 33.31 (9.33) |
| SHI | 35.44 (3.41) | 35.40 (6.50) |
| ESH | 33.68 (6.37) | 35.99 (5.32) |
| Hospital beds per 100,000 | ||
| Overall | 570.45 (187.68) | 439.50 (164.81) |
| NHS | 461.73 (121.56) | 310.61 (54.99) |
| SHI | 644.88 (219.32) | 567.88 (173.30) |
| ESH | 661.97 (184.42) | 525.70 (145.55) |
| Healthy life expectancy (years) | ||
| Overall | 66.91 (1.90) | 69.99 (1.46) |
| NHS | 67.80 (1.15) | 70.66 (0.92) |
| SHI | 67.56 (0.91) | 70.74 (0.85) |
| ESH | 65.45 (2.24) | 68.77 (1.53) |
NHS, National Health Service and Insurance; SHI, Social Health Insurance; ESH, Etatist Social Health Insurance