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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Intern Med. 2023 Nov 30;295(2):259–274. doi: 10.1111/joim.13748

Table 1.

Disease Burden and Costs of EDC Exposures in Adults.

Exposure Life stage of exposure Outcome US Canada EU
Disease Burden Economic Cost (USD) Disease Burden Economic Cost (USD) Disease Burden Economic Cost (USD)
Phthalates Adult Obesity 5900 cases $1.7 billion 2093 cases $684.8 million 53,900 cases $20.8 billion
Adult Type 2 Diabetes 1300 cases $91.4 million 225 cases $25.8 million 20,500 cases $807.2 million
Adult Females Endometriosis 86,000 cases $47.0 billion 10,151 cases $5.7 billion 145,000 cases $1.7 billion
Adult Males Male infertility 240,100 cases $2.5 billion 1395 cases $17.0 million 618,000 cases $6.3 billion
Adults Cardiovascular mortality 90,800 cases $39.9 billion Not quantified yet.
PFAS Adult Obesity 4,294,379 Cases $17 billion
Adult Kidney cancer 142 cases $184 million
Adults Couple Infertility 593–26,160 cases $37.6 million -$1.7 billion
Adult Females Hypothyroidism 14,572 cases $1.3–5.2 billion
Adult Females Type II Diabetes 1728 cases $140 million
Adult Females Endometriosis 696–18,062 cases $397 million - $10.2 billion
Adult Females Polycystic ovarian syndrome 7209–7505 cases $10.5–10.9 million
Adult females Breast cancer 421–3095 cases $555 million-$4.1 billion