Table 4.
Outcome of trigger finger surgery for patients with different clinical characteristics.
| Characteristics at baseline/before surgery | Excellent outcome | Fair outcome | Poor outcome | P, OR (CI) Excellent outcome vs. non-excellent (univariate analyses) | P, OR (CI) Poor vs. non-poor outcome (univariate analyses) | P, OR (CI) Excellent outcome vs. non-excellent (multivariate analyses) | P, OR (CI) Poor vs. non-poor outcome (multivariate analyses) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients (total n = 139) | 30 | 70 | 39 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Women, n (% in each outcome group) | 21 (70%) | 40 (57%) | 22 (56%) | 0.19 0.56 (0.24–1.35) |
0.62 1.21 (0.57–2.56) |
N/A | N/A |
| Age (median/mean) | 65/63.2 | 64.5/63.7 | 56/56.7 | 0.28 | 0.0009 | N/A | N/A |
| Previous trigger finger, n (%) | 11 (37%) | 22 (31%) | 7 (18%) | 0.28 1.60 (0.68–3.76) |
0.08 0.44 (0.18–1.11) |
0.26 1.66 (0.69–3.97) |
0.11 0.47 (0.18–1.22) |
| BMI (median/mean). Data from 138 patients. | 27.0/27.3 | 27.8/28.3 | 28.0/29.4 | 0.27 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.27 |
| High workload (heavy or very heavy working tasks), n (%) | 5 (17%) | 11 (16%) | 10 (26%) | 0.75 0.84 (0.29–2.45) |
0.19 1.81 (0.74–4.43) |
0.90 1.08 (0.32–3.70) |
0.70 0.81 (0.28–2.35) |
| Symptom duration months (median/mean) | 12/22 | 9/14 | 13/17 | 0.34 | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.73 |
| Frayed tendon in main operated finger, n (%) | 3 (10%) | 6 (9%) | 6 (15%) | 0.87 0.90 (0.24–3.41) |
0.28 1.84 (0.61–5.56) |
0.87 0.90 (0.23–3.51) |
0.16 2.42 (0.73–8.00) |
| DASH score (median/mean) | 15/21.1 | 29.7/30.8 | 35/32.2 | 0.0021 | 0.21 | 0.0023 | 0.27 |
| Quinnell grade (median/mean) | 4/3.9 | 4/3.9 | 4/3.9 | 0.91 | 0.94 | 0.83 | 0.70 |
| Pain VAS main operated finger (0–1) (median/mean) | 5/5.0 | 7/6.1 | 8/6.9 | 0.020 | 0.024 | 0.018 | 0.083 |
| Pain VAS (sum of all 10 fingers) (median/mean) | 6/5.9 | 8/7.6 | 8/10.5 | 0.0075 | 0.0149 | 0.0081 | 0.0027 |
| ROM MCP (median/mean) | 80°/72° | 65°/62° | 65°/63° | 0.0023 | 0.42 | 0.0035 | 0.73 |
| ROM PIP (median/mean) | 85°/76° | 70°/64° | 80°/72° | 0.0317 | 0.54 | 0.08 | 0.33 |
| ROM DIP (median/mean) | 65°/56° | 55°/55° | 55°/56° | 0.21 | 0.58 | 0.80 | 0.73 |
| Grip strength operated hand, kg (median/mean) | 20/22.2 | 23.15/23.6 | 23.7/26.3 | 0.49 | 0.63 | 0.85 | 0.96 |
| Pinch strength operated hand, kg (median/mean) | 6.5/6.1 | 6.75/6.6 | 7/6.9 | 0.38 | 0.55 | 0.95 | 0.96 |
| CRP (median/mean) | 1.2/1.7 | 1.4/2.9 | 1.1/3.5 | 0.14 | 0.54 | 0.033 | 0.33 |
| Calprotectin (median/mean) | 0.46/0.61 | 0.53/0.60 | 0.57/0.65 | 0.27 | 0.35 | 0.70 | 0.58 |
| Diabetes, n (%), n = 49 | 6 (12%) | 29 (59%) | 14 (29%) |
0.048 0.38 (0.14–1.02) |
0.92 1.04 (0.48–2.25) |
0.055 0.40 (0.15–1.07) |
0.81 0.91 (0.40–2.04) |
| HbA1c (median/mean) | 38/41.3 | 40.5/45.2 | 40/48.7 | 0.06 | 0.16 | 0.060 | 0.18 |
| Fructosamine (median/mean) | 286/296 | 301/309 | 291/322 | 0.15 | 0.87 | 0.12 | 0.37 |
| RA at baseline, n (%) | 0 | 1 (1%) | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| RA at baseline or observation period, n (%) | 0 | 1 (1%) | 2 (5%) | 1.0* | 0.19* | 0.20** | 0.094 8.04 (0.63–102) |
| PsoA at baseline, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 3 (8%) | 1.0* | 0.021* | 0.26** | 0.021** |
| PsoA at baseline or observation period, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 4 (10%) | 0.58* | 0.0055* | 0.17** | 0.0035** |
| History of carpal tunnel syndrome, n (%), n = 59 | 10 (17%) | 31 (53%) | 18 (30%) | 0.25 0.61 (0.26–1.43) |
0.58 1.23 (0.59–2.60) |
0.22 0.58 (0.24–1.40) |
0.99 1.00 (0.45–2.24) |
| Osteoarthritis in hands at baseline, n (%) | 4 (13%) | 8 (11%) | 8 (20%) | 0.85 0.89 (0.28–2.91) |
0.20 1.89 (0.71–5.06) |
0.60 0.73 (0.22–2.44) |
0.085 2.61 (0.89–7.67) |
| Osteoarthritis except hands, n (%) | 8 (27%) | 18 (26%) | 10 (26%) | 0.91 1.05 (0.42–2.63) |
0.97 0.98 (0.42–2.29) |
0.85 0.91 (0.35–2.36) |
0.50 1.37 (0.55–3.37) |
| Gout & pseudogout, n (%) | 1 (3%) | 3 (4%) | 1 (3%) | 1.00* | 1.00* | 0.93 0.91 (0.09–8.77) |
0.95 0.93 (0.10–9.04) |
| Chronic pain*** n (%) | 7 (23%) | 18 (26%) | 13 (33%) | 0.58 0.77 (0.30–1.97) |
0.32 1.50 (0.67–3.36) |
0.55 0.75 (0.29–1.96) |
0.42 1.42 (0.61–3.29) |
| Depression ever, n (%) | 5 (17%) | 17% (12) | 15% (6) | 0.98 1.01 (0.34–2.99) |
0.82 0.89 (0.32–2.45) |
0.76 1.19 (0.39–3.69) |
0.36 0.61 (0.21–1.78) |
| Hypothyroidism or supplementation ever, n (%) | 2 (7%) | 13 (19%) | 5 (13%) | 0.17 0.36 (0.08–1.65) |
0.74 0.83 (0.28–2.47) |
0.13 0.33 (0.07–1.60) |
0.17 0.43 (0.12–1.51) |
| Hyperlipidemia or statin use, n (%) | 9 (30%) | 28 (40%) | 14 (36%) | 0.39 0.68 (0.29–1.63) |
0.90 0.95 (0.44–2.06) |
0.33 0.65 (0.27–1.58) |
0.84 1.09 (0.49–2.44) |
VAS: visual analogue scale; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; BMI: body mass index; ROM: Range of Motion; MCP: metacarpophalangeal joint; PIP: proximal interphalangeal joint; DIP: distal interphalangeal joint; DASH: Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand; CRP: C-reactive protein; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; PsoA: psoriatic arthritis.
Significant P-values are depicted in bold.
Fisher’s exact test.
OR and CI could not be calculated by the statistics’ software since there was zero patients in one group.
Including tendinitis, enthesitis, epicondylitis, fibromyalgia, muscle pain, neuropathic pain, lumbago.
Univariate analyses were performed with the Mann-Whitney’s U test for quantitative characteristics and with Chi2 test or Fisher’s test for qualitative characteristics. Multivariate analyses were performed with logistic regression, with adjustments for age and sex, and results are given both as P-values and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for nominal data. Quantitative variables are given as median (inter quartile range)/mean (standard deviation).