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. 2024 Oct 7;19(10):e0311621. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311621

Table 9. Heterogeneities by urban hierarchies.

Patent number (Total) Firm number with patent (Extensive margin) Innovation intensity (Intensive margin)
Manufacturing Service High-tech Service Other service Manufacturing Service High-tech service Other service Manufacturing Service High-tech service Other service
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)
HSR x Top tier x Urban 0.906*** 1.874*** 1.955*** 1.694*** 0.723*** 1.498*** 1.570*** 1.269*** 0.256*** 0.100* 0.0155 0.160**
(0.116) (0.102) (0.101) (0.104) (0.0669) (0.0603) (0.0608) (0.0614) (0.0509) (0.0531) (0.0862) (0.0683)
HSR x Top tier x County 0.398*** 0.556*** 0.531*** 0.278** 0.329*** 0.336*** 0.344*** 0.149** -0.206*** -0.201** -0.35*** 0.0799
(0.0971) (0.125) (0.119) (0.109) (0.0676) (0.0719) (0.0702) (0.0646) (0.0540) (0.0907) (0.0963) (0.191)
HSR x Low tier x Urban 0.856*** 0.987*** 0.972*** 0.781*** 0.578*** 0.652*** 0.632*** 0.499*** 0.279*** 0.277** 0.297** 0.304*
(0.0752) (0.0835) (0.0891) (0.0896) (0.0432) (0.0492) (0.0531) (0.0496) (0.104) (0.110) (0.146) (0.161)
HSR x Low tier x County 0.132** 0.0802 0.0742 0.0739 0.0670* 0.0285 0.0287 0.0191 0.202*** 0.307** 0.0982 0.500***
(0.0607) (0.0496) (0.0452) (0.0477) (0.0376) (0.0263) (0.0254) (0.0229) (0.0669) (0.125) (0.175) (0.174)
Controls Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes - - - -
County/firm fixed effects Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Province-Year fixed effects Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Number of counties/firms 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 86074 59739 26335
R2 0.844 0.798 0.787 0.761 0.869 0.845 0.838 0.801 0.465 0.408 0.414 0.369
Observation 25636 25636 25636 25636 25636 25636 25636 25636 25636 651232 428833 222399

Notes: *, **, *** refers to the statistical significance at 10%, 5%, and 1%, respectively. The standard errors are reported in parentheses and clustered at county and firm levels.