Table 2.

Comparison Between Subcategory Scores of Ethical Standards and Nursing Processes Reports (N = 99)

Criteria	Group	n	Mean Rank	Sum of Ranks	Mann-Whitney U	P Value
Learning outcome 1 (ethical standards): Explain the professional and ethical standards used when approaching nursing care for children and their families.
Knowledge of professional standards	Exp.	52	47.09	2448.5	1070.5	.26
	Con.	47	53.22	2501.5
Understanding of ethical concepts	Exp.	52	41.19	2142	764	<.001
	Con.	47	59.74	2808
Communication of professional and ethical standards	Exp.	52	50.58	2630	1192	.812
	Con.	47	49.36	2320
Analysis of challenges and barriers	Exp.	52	40.85	2124	746	<.001
	Con.	47	60.13	2826
Application of ethical principles	Exp.	52	37.42	1946	568	<.001
	Con.	47	63.91	3004
Learning outcome 2 (nursing process): Apply nursing processes with critical thinking skills to solve health problems in the nursing situation targeting children and their families.
Application of nursing processes	Exp.	52	48.06	2499	1121	.455
	Con.	47	52.15	2451
Critical thinking skills	Exp.	52	33.42	1738	360	<.001
	Con.	47	68.34	3212
Integration of evidence-based knowledge and clinical reasoning	Exp.	52	34.78	1808.5	430.5	<.001
	Con.	47	66.84	3141.5
Collaboration and teamwork	Exp.	52	48.35	2514	1136	.531
	Con.	47	51.83	2436
Reflection and improvement	Exp.	52	39.46	2052	674	<.001
	Con.	47	61.66	2898

Abbreviations: Con., control group; Exp., experimental group.

Significant differences (P < .001) between the experimental and control groups are in bold font, indicating areas where the control group outperformed the experimental group.