Effect of CD4 and CCR5 levels on infection by R5 viruses. (A) Cf2-Luc cells were transfected with 0.05, 0.5, 5, or 10 μg of CD4- or CCR5-expressing plasmid and analyzed for surface expression of CD4 or CCR5 by flow cytometry. The total amount of DNA in each transfection was adjusted to 10 μg with pCDNA3. (B) Cotransfected Cf2-Luc cells expressing low, medium, or high levels of CD4 (0.05, 0.5, and 5 μg of CD4-expressing plasmid, respectively) and low, medium, or high levels of CCR5 (0.05, 0.5, and 5 μg of CCR5-expressing plasmid, respectively) were infected with equivalent amounts of M-tropic (ADA, MACS2-br, and UK1-br) or non-M-tropic (MACS2-LN, MACS3-br, and MACS3-LN) R5 virus as described in Materials and Methods. Cell lysates were prepared at 48 h postinfection and assayed for luciferase activity. Data are expressed as means from duplicate infections. Error bars represent standard deviations. Similar results were obtained in two independent experiments.