Table 1.
Demographic data of enrolled patients and their distribution in study groups
| Metric | General data | Internal dataset | Multicenter test | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Training set | Validation set | Test set | |||
| Number of images, n (%) | 26,539 (100%) | 16,266 (61.29%) | 3535 (13.32%) | 3512 (13.23%) | 3226 (12.16) |
| Number of patients, n (%) | 9133 (100%) | 5446 (64.48%) | 1167 (13.82%) | 1168 (13.83%) | 1352 (16.01) |
| Images of CKD−/CKD+, n (times) | 24,174/2365 (10.22) | 14,994/1272 (11.79) | 3249/286 (11.36) | 3227/285 (11.32) | 2704/522 (5.18) |
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 47.14 ± 18.31 | 45.82 ± 18.4 | 44.87 ± 18.15 | 47.42 ± 18.78 | 55.96 ± 14.56 |
| Female, n (%) | 14,285 (53.83%) | 9120 (56.07%) | 1915 (54.17%) | 1779 (50.65%) | 1471 (45.60%) |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m² (mean ± SD) | 97.48 ± 29.41 | 99.43 ± 29.12 | 99.43 ± 29.42 | 97.76 ± 28.49 | 85.18 ± 28.88 |
| Previous medical history | |||||
| Diabetes, n (%) | 6287 (23.69%) | 3578 (22.0%) | 767 (21.7%) | 825 (23.49%) | 1117 (34.62%) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 6911 (26.04%) | 3830 (23.55%) | 720 (20.37%) | 924 (26.31%) | 1437 (44.54%) |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 1739 (6.55%) | 1023 (6.29%) | 220 (6.22%) | 227 (6.46%) | 269 (8.34%) |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 1791 (6.75%) | 934 (5.74%) | 181 (5.12%) | 227 (6.46%) | 449 (13.92%) |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 4761 (17.94%) | 2584 (15.89%) | 496 (14.03%) | 641 (18.25%) | 1040 (32.24%) |
CKD chronic kidney disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate.