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. 2024 Aug 12;38(10):5678–5685. doi: 10.1007/s00464-024-11147-5

Table 2.

Comparison of baseline characteristics between the unmatched and 2:1 matched LDP and RDP patients

LDP RDP ESb p LDP RDP ESb p
N 1144 393 698 349
Year of procedure 0.217  < 0.001a 0.002 0.181
 2010 63 (5.5%) 6 (1.5%) 14 (2.0%) 5 (1.4%)
 2011 68 (5.9%) 10 (2.5%) 11 (1.6%) 10 (2.9%)
 2012 88 (7.7%) 7 (1.8%) 31 (4.4%) 7 (2.0%)
 2013 101 (8.8%) 32 (8.1%) 44 (6.3%) 32 (9.2%)
 2014 102 (8.9%) 24 (6.1%) 45 (6.4%) 24 (6.9%)
 2015 94 (8.2%) 26 (6.6%) 55 (7.9%) 26 (7.4%)
 2016 134 (11.7%) 37 (9.4%) 94 (13.5%) 37 (10.6%)
 2017 119 (10.4%) 50 (12.7%) 94 (13.5%) 49 (14.0%)
 2018 137 (12.0%) 58 (14.8%) 118 (16.9%) 52 (14.9%)
 2019 115 (10.1%) 85 (21.6%) 99 (14.2%) 64 (18.3%)
 2020 123 (10.8%) 58 (14.8%) 93 (13.3%) 43 (12.3%)
Age 67.8 ± 11.2 68.7 ± 10.3 0.076 0.193 68.6 ± 10.5 68.7 ± 10.2 0.013 0.848
Sex 0.017 0.498 0.031 0.861
 Male 545 (47.6%) 195 (49.6%) 344 (49.3%) 170 (48.7%)
 Female 599 (52.4%) 198 (50.4%) 354 (50.7%) 179 (51.3%)
Race 0.025 0.503 0.002 0.438
 White 916 (80.1%) 304 (77.4%) 556 (79.7%) 274 (78.5%)
 Black 130 (11.4%) 52 (13.2%) 73 (10.5%) 45 (12.9%)
 Other 98 (8.6%) 37 (9.4%) 69 (9.9%) 30 (8.6%)
Charlson score 0.024 0.728 0.010 0.828
 0 651 (56.9%) 232 (59.0%) 408 (58.5%) 198 (56.7%)
 1 322 (28.1%) 107 (27.2%) 190 (27.2%) 98 (28.1%)
 2 90 (7.9%) 32 (8.1%) 52 (7.4%) 31 (8.9%)
 3 81 (7.1%) 22 (5.6%) 48 (6.9%) 22 (6.3%)
T stage 0.166 0.004a 0.028 0.496
 T1 236 (20.6%) 83 (21.1%) 158 (22.6%) 72 (20.6%)
 T2 275 (24.0%) 126 (32.1%) 187 (26.8%) 105 (30.1%)
 T3 633 (55.3%) 184 (46.8%) 353 (50.6%) 172 (49.3%)
Neoadjuvant therapy
 Chemotherapy 198 (17.3%) 100 (25.4%) 0.090  < 0.001a 131 (18.8%) 73 (20.9%) 0.024 0.410
 Radiation 59 (5.2%) 17 (4.3%) 0.019 0.512 33 (4.7%) 16 (4.6%) 0.001 0.917

ES Effect Size, LDP Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy, RDP Robotic Distal Pancreatectomy, SD Standard Difference

aStatistically significant

bEffect Size is calculated as Theil’s U value for categorical variables and Cohen’s d standard difference for continuous variables