Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies (study settings).
| Author and year | Design | Country | Care setting | Modality of assessment | Technology |
| Abboud et al [57], 2005 | Prospective cohort | United States | Orthopedic | Asynchronous | Recorded photographs and data |
| Bovonratwet et al [58], 2022 | Retrospective cohort | United States | Orthopedic | Synchronous | Videoconferencing |
| Bradley et al [47], 2021 | Case control | United States | Orthopedic | Synchronous | Videoconferencing |
| Demaerschalk et al [48], 2022 | Retrospective cohort | United States | Clinic | Synchronous | Videoconferencing |
| Dias et al [56], 2023 | Prospective cohort | Brazil | Orthopedic | Synchronous | Videoconferencing |
| Exposto et al [42], 2022 | Prospective cohort | Denmark | Dentistry | Synchronous | Videoconferencing |
| Melnick et al [65], 2023 | Retrospective cohort | United States | Orthopedic | Synchronous | Videoconferencing |
| Michaelson et al [62], 2023 | Retrospective cohort | United States | Orthopedic | Synchronous | Videoconferencing with the presence of the patient’s caregiver |
| Rabin et al [61], 2022 | Prospective cohort | Israel | Orthopedic | Synchronous | Videoconferencing with presence of a research assistant or the patient’s caregiver |
| Tachakra et al [54], 2000 | Prospective cohort | United Kingdom | Emergency Department | Synchronous | Videoconferencing with presence of a nurse |
| Wang et al [55], 2022 | Prospective cohort | United States | Orthopedic | Asynchronous | Recorded video of a standardized clinical examination with presence of a research assistant |
| Cottrell et al [59], 2018 | Prospective cohort | Australia | Physiotherapy | Synchronous | Videoconferencing |
| Lade et al [49], 2012 | Prospective cohort | Australia | Physiotherapy | Synchronous | Videoconferencing |
| Lovo et al [41], 2022 | Prospective cohort | Canada | Rural clinic | Synchronous | Videoconferencing with presence of a nurse |
| Peterson et al [63], 2019 | Prospective cohort | United States | Physiotherapy | Synchronous | Videoconferencing |
| Richardson et al [50], 2017 | Prospective cohort | Australia | Physiotherapy | Synchronous | Videoconferencing |
| Russell et al [52], 2010 | Prospective cohort | Australia | Physiotherapy | Synchronous | Videoconferencing |
| Russell et al [51], 2010 | Prospective cohort | Australia | Physiotherapy | Synchronous | Videoconferencing |
| Steele et al [53], 2012 | Prospective cohort | Australia | Physiotherapy | Synchronous | Videoconferencing |
| Turner et al [60], 2019 | Prospective cohort | United Kingdom | Physiotherapy | Synchronous | Telephone |
| Worboys et al [64], 2018 | Prospective cohort | Australia | Occupational therapy | Synchronous | Videoconferencing with presence of an assistant |